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Solid A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume Crystalline solid A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern Amorphous Solid A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern Conduction Heat transfer by direct contact Conduction current caused by the expansion of a liquid, solid, or gas as its temperature rises viscosity A liquid's resistance to flowing gas A state of matter which has no definite shape or volume freezing the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid evaporation vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid Boiling point the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas sublimation The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state melting point the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid vaporization the change of state from a liquid to a gas; includes boiling and evaporation boiling The process that occurs when vaporization takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface. condensation the change of state from a gas to a liquid. Liquid a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container Temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter Thermal energy the total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object Thermal Expansion Matter tends to expand as it gets hotter Particles speed up and move further apart (expand) Matter will contract when they cool Particles slow down and move closer together Fahrenheit scale a temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 32 degrees and the boiling point of water a 212 degrees Celsius scale a temperature scale that defines the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and the boiling point of water as 100 degrees Kelvin scale a temperature scale that defines absolute zero as 0 degrees Absolute zero The coldest temperature, 0 Kelvin, that can be reached. It is the hypothetical temperature at which all molecular motion stops. Heat a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature Specific heat the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius Convection the transfer of heat by the movement of currents Radiation energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles Conductor a substance that readily conducts heat Insulator a material that does not allow heat or to move through it easily Melting the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid