Criminal Law
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Created by:
CaseyLandon on April 22, 2012
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Crime | an act or failure to act that violates a law and for which a Government has set a penalty |
| Motive | the reason a person commits a crime |
| Felony | a serious criminal offense punishable by a person sentence of more than one year |
| Misdemeanor | a criminal offense, less serious than a felony, punishable by a prison sentence of one year or less |
| Principle | the person who commits a crime |
| Attempt | an effort to commit a crime that goes beyond more preparation but does not result in the commission of the crime |
| Intent | with purpose |
| Accomplice | a person who voluntarily helps another person commit a crime |
| Accessory Before | helps a person with a crime but isn't there during |
| Solicitation | the act of requesting or strongly urging someone to do something |
| Conspiracy | an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime along with a substantial act toward committing the crime |
| Homicide | the killing of another person |
| First Degree Murder | planned in advance and done with malice or during the commission of a dangerous felony |
| Felony Murder | the killing of someone during the commission of certain felonies, regardless intent to kill |
| Second Degree Murder | not revenue malice or premeditation but is the result of a desire to inflict bodily harm |
| Voluntarily Manslaughter | killing of a person without malice or premeditation did intentionally |
| Involuntarily Manslaughter | unintentionally |
| Negligent Homicide | causing death through criminally negligent behavior |
| Assault and Battery | an intentional threat, show of force, or movement that causes a reasonable fear of or physical on tact with a person |
| Rape/ Statutory Rape | unlawful sexual intercourse |
| Arson | the deliberate and malicious burning of another person's property |
| Vandalism | the deliberate destruction of defacement of another person's property |
| Larceny | unlawful taking of another property with intent of stealing |
| Embezzlement | the taking of money or property by a person to whom it has been entrusted |
| Robbery | the unlawful taking of property from a person's immediate possession by force or intimidation |
| Extortion | taking property illegally through threats of harm |
| Burglary | breaking and entering a building with the intention of committing a crime |
| Forgery | the act of making a fake document or altering a real one with the intent to commit fraud |
| Alibi | a latin world meaning "elsewhere" |
| Entrapment | an act by law enforcement officials to persuade to commit a crime |
| Duress | unlawful pressure on a person to do something that he or she would not otherwise do |
| Necessity | a defense to a criminal charge that shows a visit or lawful reason for the defendants conduct |
| Self-Defense | the right to defend oneself with whatever force is reasonably recessary against an actual or reasonably perceived threat of personal harm |
| Defense of Property | the use of reasonable force, which would otherwise be illegal to defend your name or other property |
| Insanity Defense | defense raised by a criminal defendants stating that because of mental disease or defect, the defendants should not be held responsible for the crime committed |
| Arrest | to take a person suspected of a crime into custody |
| Probable Cause | a reasonable belief, known personally or thrown reliable sources, that a specific person has committed a crime |
| Search Warrant | a court order issued by a judge or magistrate, giving police the power to a search a person or to enter a building to search for and seize items related to a crime |
| Exclusionary Rule | a legal rule that generally prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence against the defendant at trial |
| Arraignment | a court session at which a defendant is charged and enters a plea |
| Bail | money or property put ip by the accused or his or her agent to allow release from jail before trial (amendment 8) |
| Grand Jury | 16-23 people who met hear preliminary evidence to deicide if there is sufficient reason to formally charge a person with a crime |
| Petit Jury | a jury of 12 to determine the facts and decide the issue in civil criminal proceedings |
| Indictment | a grand jury's formal charge or accusation of criminal action |
| Plea Bargaining | in a criminal case, the negotiations between the prosecutor defendant and defendants attorney |
| Pre-Trial Motions | a document by which a party asks the judge to make a decision or take some action before the trial begins |
| Motion for Change of Venue | asks the court where a case was filed to allow a different county's court to hear the case |
| Motion for Continuance | a court examines all the facts and circumstances of a case |
| Motion of Suppress Evidence | formal written request to a judge for an order that certain evidence be excluded from consideration by the judge or jury at trial |
| Motion for Discovery of Evidence | request to the court to order the opposing party to knowing the other sides case |
| Suspended Sentence | formal conuction of a crime that the convicted person is not required to serve |
| Probation | a trial period during which an offender has time to redeem himself for herself |
| Imprisonment | putting someone which an offender has time to redeem himself or herself |
| Retribution | punishment given as a kind of revenge for wrong doing |
| Deterrence | measures taken to discourage criminal actions |
| Rehabilitation | the process through which a convicted person is changed of reformed, in order to lead a purpose of job skills |
| Incapacitation | a reason for criminal punishment that stresses keeping a convicted person confined to protect society |
| Parole | release from orison before the full sentence has been served, granted at the discretion of a parole board |
| Capital Punishment | death penalty, death sentence, execution |
| Aggravating Circumstances | increases the seriousness or outragoussness of a given crime |
| Mitigating Circumstances | does not excuse or justify conduct, but are considered out of mercy or fairness in deciding charges |
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