Government ch 1-7
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Amendment 1 | Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition |
| Amendment 2 | Right to keep arms |
| Amendment 3 | No may be forced to house soldiers |
| Amendment 4 | Rights against unreasonable search and seizure |
| Amendment 5 | criminally accused [indictment by a grand jury for felonies, no double jeopardy, no self-incrimination, due process guaranteed] and right not to have private property taken by the government without fair payment. |
| Amendment 6 | criminally accused [speedy trial, impartial jury, informed of charges, right to confront witnesses, right to have witnesses on the accused's behalf, and the right to an attorney] |
| Amendment 7 | Right to a jury trial in civil cases that exceed $20 if desired by one of the parties (federal) |
| Amendment 8 | No unreasonable bail, fines, or punishment in criminal cases |
| Amendment 9 | The people also have other rights not listed |
| Amendment 10 | All powers not specifically given to the federal government are reserved for the states |
| Amendment 11 | Federal courts do not have jurisdiction in cases against a state |
| Amendment 12 | Provides for separate elections for president and vice-president |
| Amendment 13 | Abolishes slavery |
| Amendment 14 | Provides equality for all citizens and also places the state governments under previously passed Amendments |
| Amendment 15 | Provides all male citizens the right to vote |
| Amendment 16 | Gives Congress the power to pass direct taxes, such as income tax |
| Amendment 17 | Provides senators to be elected by the voters of the state instead of by the state legislatures; also provides vacancies in the Senate to be filled by the governor of the state until an election can be held |
| Amendment 18 | Prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages |
| Amendment 19 | Gives women the right to vote |
| Amendment 20 | Moves the beginning of terms of office of Congress and the president and vicepresident to January; provides for presidential succession if a president-elect dies before being sworn |
| Amendment 21 | Repeals the Eighteenth Amendment |
| Amendment 22 | Limits presidents from serving more than two terms or a total of 10 years |
| Amendment 23 | Provides for presidential electors for the District of Columbia |
| Amendment 24 | Prohibits requiring payment of a tax as a qualification for voting |
| Amendment 25 | Provides for presidential succession and filling a vacant office of vice-president |
| Amendment 26 | Lowers voting age from 21 to 18 |
| Amendment 27 | States that congressional compensation increases may not take effect until after that congressional term is over |
| Government | The formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted. |
| citizen | member of the political community to whom certain rights and obligations are attached. |
| politics | the study of who gets what, when, and how - or how policy decisions are made. |
| monarchy | a form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interest of all. |
| totalitarianism | a form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self-interest and without regard for individual rights and liberties. |
| oligarchy | a form of government in which the right to participate is conditions on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement. |
| democracy | a system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives. |
| social contract theory | the belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Mayflower Compact | Document written by the pilgrims while at sea enumerating the scope of their government and its expectations of citizens |
| Social Contract | an agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed |
| direct democracy | a system of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decision and then agree to abide by majority rule. |
| indirect (representative) democracy | a system of government that gives citizens the opportunity to vote for representatives who will work on their behalf. |
| republic | a government rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative of indirect democracy |
| political culture | commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate. |
| political equality | the principle that all citizens are equal in the political process, as implies by the phrase "one person, one vote." |
| popular consent | the principle that governments must draw their powers from the consent of the governed. |
| majority rule | the central premise of direct democracy in which only policies that collectively garner the support of a majority of voters will be made into law. |
| popular sovereignty | the notion that the ultimate authority in society rests with the people |
| natural law | a doctrine that society should be governed by certain ethical principles that are part of nature and, as such, can be understood by reason. |
| civil society | society created when citizens are allowed to organize and express their views publicly as they engage in an open debate about public policy |
| political ideology | the coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals. |
| libertarians | one who favors a free market economy and no governmental interference in personal liberties |
| conservative | one who believes that government is best that governs least and that big government can only infringe on individual, personal, and economic rights. |
| social conservative | one who believes that traditional moral teachings should be supported and furthered by the government. |
| liberal | one who favors governmental involvement in the economy and in the provision of social services and who takes an activist role in protecting the rights of women, he elderly, minorities, and the environment. |
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