Laws and Treaties
Order by
34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Clean Air Act of 1970 | set emission standards for cars and limits for release of air pollutants of all other industry |
| Clean Water Act 1972 | set maximum permissible amount of water pollutants tha can be discharged into waterways. The goal was to make all surface waters swimmable and fishable |
| Soil and Conservation Act of 1977 | Soil and water conservation programs to aid landowners and users. Set up conditions to continue to evaluate the condition of US soil and water and resources |
| Food Security Act of 1985 | "Swampbuster" discouraged converting wetlands into nonwetlands. also set pesticide limts in food and all active an inactive ingredients must be screened for estrogenic/ endocrine hormonal effects |
| Marine Mammals Protection Act of 1972 | protected marine mammals from falling below their optimum sustainable population levels |
| Endangered Species Act of 1973 | prohibits the commerce of these species considered to be endangered or threatened. Identifies threatened and endangered species in the US and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations |
| CITES-Copnvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna 1973 | agreement bans the capture, exportation and sale of any endangered or threatened species. |
| Wilderness Act of 1964 | restricts activity in National Wildlife Refuges and National Parks |
| Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 | Established a National Wild and Scenic Rivers System for the protection of rivers with important scenic, recreational, fish, wildlife and other values |
| Anadromous Fish Conservation and Management Act of 1976 | protected fish that live in the sea but grow up and breed in freshwater |
| Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 | Governs the conservation and management of ocean fishing and fisheries |
| United Nations Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 | sets out principles for conservation and management of certain types of fish (international agreement) |
| Mining Act of 1872 | governs prospecting and mining of minerals on publicly owned land |
| Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 | permits the Bureau of Land Managment to grant leases for development of deposits of coal, phosphate, potash, sodium, sulfur and other leasable minerals on public domain lands |
| Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 1980 | Superfund Act provides funding to clean up abandoned hazardous wastes |
| Surface Mining Control and Reclamantion Act of 1977 | established mandatory standards for surface coal mining and reclamation activities on state and federal lands-requires reclaiming of land after strip mining |
| Resource Conservation and Recovery Acts of 1976 (RCRA) | focuses on municipal and industrial non hazardous wastes also control hazardous wastes with a "cradle to grave" system. 1984 required states issue permits to ensure the environment and health are protected from hazardous waste. Amendment 1991-the amendments required all municipal solid waste landfills to have liners, leachate collection facilities and methods for monitoring emission from gases |
| Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 and 1996 | establishes a federal program to monitor and increase the safety of the drinking water supply-sets maximum pollution and contamination levels for drinking water meant for public use |
| Ocean Dumping Act of 1972 | made it unlawful for any person to dump or transport for the purpose of dumping, sewage sludge or industrial waste into ocean waters-limited to ocean waters within a certain distance of the US coast. |
| Oil Spill Prevention and Liability Act of 1990 | strengthened EPA's ability to prevent and respond to catastrophic oil spills. Established a trust fund which is available to clean up oil spills |
| The Toxic Substances Control Act (TOSCA) of 1976 | gave the EPA the ability to track the 75,000 industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States. Allows the EPA to ban the manufacture and import of those chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk. |
| Nuclea Waste Policy Act of 1982 | establisehd both the Federal governement's responsibility to provide a place for the permanent disposal of high level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel and the generators' responsibility to bear the costs of permanent storage and disposal of high level radioactive waste |
| National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 | creates the Council on Environmental Quality that resulted in the creation of the EPA from the consolidation of various environmental agencies.Also requires federal agencies to create and prepare environmental impact statements about any changes to infrastructure or roadways that will affect any parts of the federally protected environment |
| Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 | designed to promote source reduction of pollution. Requires minimal standards for air pollution and water pollution leaving factories |
| International Environmental Protection Act of 1983 | The President of the United States is authorized to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitats and in developing sound wildlife management and plant conservation programs. |
| Environmental Education Act of 1990 | established the Office of Environmental Education within the EPA to develop and administer a federal environmental education program |
| Montreal Accord/Protocol of 1978 | international agreement to cut the emissions of CFCs and other materials that damage the ozone layer. Amended in 1992 in Copenhagen to include other key ozone depleting chemicals |
| Basel Convention on the Control of the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes in 1992 | 169 parties aimed to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation, management , transboundary (across border) movements and disposal of hazardous and other wastes |
| Kyoto Protocol of 1997 | requires the participating 38 developed countries to cut their greenhouse gas emission back to 5% below 1990 levels. Not been signed by US or accomplished. |
| Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act of 1986 | Also known as Title III of SARA, this legislation was enacted by Congress to help local communities protect public health, safety and environment from chemical hazards. requires annual reports of toxic chemical releases to the environment. |
| Solid Waste Disposal Act 1965 | provided more waste management safeguards and included the federal government in surveying dumps and landfills to better understand the scope of waste disposal problems |
| Madrid Protocol | Does not allow any mineral exploration of Antarctica for 50 years. Ends in 2040 |
| Stockholm Convention on Persisten Organic Pollutants | seeks to protect human health from the 12 most toxic chemicals includes 8 chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Still allows for DDT to be used for control of mosquitoes that spread malaria |
| Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 | Allocates funds for the study of migrating birds and limits the number of migrating birds that may be caught, captured, and killed along their migration routes. Also restricts citizens from harboring eggs of migratory birds and attempting to prevent nest building of migratory birds |
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