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monohybrid cross an experimental mating of individuals differing at one genetic locus alleles an alternative form of a gene homozygous having two identical alleles for a given gene heterozygous having two different alleles for a given gene dominant allele in a heterozygote, the allele that determines the phenotype with respect to a particular gene recessive allele in a heterozygous individual, the allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype law of segregation individuas have two alleles for each gene and when gametes form by meiosis, the two alleles separate, and each resulting gamete ends up with only one allele of each gene Punnett square diagram used to show the results of random fertilization phenotype the expressed traits of an organism