Bacteria
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 archae and bacteria | the 2 domains of bacteria |
| archaebacteria and eubacteria | the 2 kingdoms of bacteria |
| archaebacteria | cell wall has no peptidoglycan |
| eubacteria | call wall has peptidoglycan |
| peptidoglycan | this maintains cell shape and counters high osmotic pressures |
| archaebacteria | these live in harsh environments (mud, animal intestines, salty environments, extreme temperatures) |
| eubacteria | these live in a variety of environments (human body, freshwater, saltwater, land) |
| methanogens | these live in environments that produce methane gas (oxygen free environment) |
| cynobacteria | this is blue green bacteria |
| nalophiles | this is a "salt loving" bacteria, lives in extremely salty places |
| thermoacidophiles | these live in environments with extreme temperatures that are highly acidic |
| bacillus | spore forming bacteria |
| rickettsia | obligate internal parasites |
| archaebacteria | methanogens, nalophiles, and thermoacidophiles are all examples of what kingdom of bacteria? |
| eubacteria | cynobacteria, bacillus, and rickettsia are all examples of what kingdom of bacteria? |
| bacilli | rod shaped bacteria |
| cocci | spherical shaped bacteria |
| spirilla | spiral and corkscrew shaped bacteria |
| gram positive and gram negative | the two types of cell walls found in bacteria |
| gram positive bacteria | have thick peptidoglycan walls and stain a violet/purple color through a method called gram-staining |
| gram negative bacteria | have a much thinner peptidoglycan cell wall covered with an outer lipid layer. these appear pink or light red through gram staining. |
| some do not move, some have flagella, some glide because they have a layer of slime like material they secrete | 3 ways that bacteria can move |
| chemoheterotrophs | must take in organic molecules (oxygen) for energy and a supply of carbon |
| photoheterotrophs | use sunlight for energy but still need to take in an organic molecule for a carbon source |
| photoautotrophs | use light energy to convert CO2 and H2O to carbon compounds and oxygen (similar to photosynthesis in plants) |
| chemoautotrophs | use energy from chemicals (such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, and iron) to make carbon compounds |
| obligate aerobes | organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live |
| obligate anaerobes | bacteria that must live in the absence of oxygen |
| faculatative anaerobes | bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen |
| binary fission | asexual form of reproduction that does not involve exchange or recombination of genetic material |
| conjugation | sexual form of reproduction in bacteria |
| spore formation | this occurs when growth conditions became unfavorable |
| decomposers | these help recycle nutrients in ecosystem by breaking down dead organisms |
| nitrogen fixers | these help "fix" or convert nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that can be used by plants |
| industry (cleaning small oil spills) natural/human body (E.coli makes vitamins in our intestines), biotechnology (restriction enzymes/recombinant DNA) | 3 uses for bacteria |
| Pathogenic bacteria | disease causing bacteria |
| vaccine | preparation of weakened or killed pathogens, prompts the body to produce antibodies against the disease |
| antibodies | drugs used to attack and destroy bacteria |
| sterilization and disinfectants | 2 ways to control bacteria growth |
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