1.
Agriculture: Farming
2.
Assists*: Factors which support unrestricted movement
3.
Atmosphere: The air, layers of gases surrounding Earth
4.
Barriers: Obstacles, physical or human blocks to movement
5.
Biomes: Different regions which support various kinds of life (i.e. forest, grassland, desert, and tundra)
6.
Biosphere: All life forms on Earth
7.
Carrying Capacity*: The amount of life a piece of land can support
8.
Chokepoint*: A narrow, strategically significant area where trade could be easily blocked or controlled
9.
Climate: Average weather conditions of a place over a long period of time
10.
Connectivity: Interrelationships, frequency of contact with others such as isolationism (low connectivity) or international involvement (high connectivity)
11.
Continentality: Position from the influence of the sea, especially regarding climate
12.
Deforestation: The clearing of forest covering
13.
Demographics: Profile of human population at a given time, with data broken out into categories
14.
Desertification: The process of changing into desert, lack of rainfall causes desert conditions to expand/grow
15.
El Niño: Unusual warming of ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean which shifts normal weather patterns
16.
Elevation: Measurement above or below sea level
17.
Erosion: Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
18.
Glacier: Large sheets of slow moving ice
19.
Globalization: Spreading of a phenomenon or culture traits worldwide
20.
Gross domestic product (GDP): Measure of a nation's income; value of all the goods and services a nation produces within their country
21.
Human Development Index (HDI): Formula used to categorize the development level of nations (less developed, newly industrialized, and more developed)
22.
Human Environmental Interaction (HEI): How humans adapt, change, and modify their environment
23.
Hydrosphere: Earth's water
24.
Industrialization: Development of a system which supports machine production of goods
25.
Infant mortality rate: Number of infants who die for every thousand births
26.
Irrigation: Man-made system to provide water to less arid areas
27.
La Niña*: Unusual cooling of ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific
28.
Latitude: Coordinate measuring north and south of the equator (0 degrees); primary element of climate and a strong influence on settlement
29.
Life expectancy: Average age a population lives to; mortality rate
30.
Literacy: % of population that can read and write competently
31.
Lithosphere: Earth's crust and solid upper mantle, broken into tectonic plates
32.
Megalopolis*: Continuous urban region including several cities
33.
Monsoons*: seasonal prevailing wind in the region of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (summer wet/winter dry)
34.
Non-renewable resources: Resources which can only be used once or are not easily replenished
35.
Ocean Currents: Global patterns created from the movement of the oceans; such as the Gulf Stream
36.
Pandemic: World wide spread of disease over time
37.
Per capita: Per person, average for each person
38.
Physiographic region*: An area that shares common physical features
39.
Plate tectonic theory: Idea that the lithosphere is made up of moving tectonic plates
40.
Population Pyramids: Graph showing % of males and females by age group for a population
41.
Precipitation: Water that moves from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface (rain, snow, hail, etc. . .)
42.
Renewable resources: Resources which are replenished over time
43.
Ring of Fire: Area around the Pacific Ocean known for frequent earthquakes and volcanoes
44.
Rural: Country
45.
Settlement: Where people live
46.
Soil-building: Process where the breakdown of rocks and organic materials creates arable (farmable) land
47.
Standard of living: Quality of life based on some measure such as number of cars, accessibility of medical care, education, etc. .
48.
Sustainable development: Using resources to meet present needs while protecting the resources and environment for the future
49.
Trade networks: Major patterns of exchange in specific regions
50.
Tsunami: Large displaced walls of water created by earthquakes under or near oceans
51.
Urban: City
52.
Urbanization: Mass movement of people from farms to cities; growth of city into surrounding countryside
53.
Vegetation: Type of plants an area supports
54.
Water cycle (hydrologic cycle): Movement of water between evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration
55.
Weather: Conditions in the atmosphere closest to Earth
56.
Weathering: Wearing away of Earth's surface caused by wind, water, ice, or chemicals
57.
Wind Systems: Global wind patterns; such as the trade winds and doldrums
