Biology Chapter 53
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 population | a group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area |
| density of a population | the number of individuals per unit area or volume: the number of oak trees per square kilometer |
| dispersion | the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population |
| mark recapture method | used by ecologists to estimate the size of wildlife populations |
| immigration | the influx of new individuals from other areas |
| emigration | the movement of individuals out of a population and into other locations |
| territoriality | the defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals |
| demography | the study of the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time |
| life tables | age specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population |
| cohort | a group of individuals of the same age, from birth until all of the individuals are dead |
| survivor-ship curve | a plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age |
| reproductive table | fertility schedule, is a summary of the reproductive rates in a population |
| zero population growth (ZPG) | occurs when the per capita birth and death rates are equal. Births and deaths still occur in such a population, but they balance each other exactly. |
| exponential population growth | known as geometric population growth. population increase under ideal conditions |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain |
| logistic population growth | population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity |
| life history | traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival |
| semelparity | reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event also known as big-bang reproduction. |
| iteroparity | reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; also known as repeated reproduction |
| k-selection | selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density: also called density-dependent selection |
| r-selection | selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; also called density-independent |
| density independent | referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population |
| density dependent | referring to any characteristic that varies with population density |
| population dynamics | the study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size |
| meta population | a group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration |
| demographic transition | in a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates |
| age structure | the relative number of individuals of each age in a population |
| zero population growth = | = high birth rate -- high death rate or l= low birth rate -- low death rate |
| ecological footprint | the aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates |
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