Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
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70 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bone development, growth and homeostasis rely on interplay among its | Constituent minerals, proteins, and living cells |
| What are bones primary minerals? | Calcuim, phosphate |
| bones primary protein, embededded in calcuim phosaphate | Collagen |
| Mature bone cells | Ostecytes |
| Bone forming cell | Osteoblast |
| Bone resorbing cells | osteoclast |
| Bone Cells recieve nutrients by | an organized system of blood vessels that course thourght the bone |
| Shapes of bones | long, flat, irregular |
| Most bones are cover with a type of bone tissue called | Compact bone |
| Type of layer that contains many bone-marrow-filled spaces | Spongy bone |
| Where the blood cells forms | red-color marrow found at the end of the bone |
| Medullary cavity | yellow bone marrow consisting of fat |
| Growth of long bones occures at | Growth plate |
| Process where cartilage turns into bone | Ossificatation |
| A highly vascular layer of fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone | Periosteum |
| Various degrees of movemnet that are possible by joints | Range of motion |
| Articulating bones are held together by | Ligaments |
| The inner surface of the capsule is lined with the | Synovial membrane |
| Lubricates the joints | synovial fluid |
| Sacs of fluid situated near some joints | Bursae |
| muscles that are frimly attached to bones by tendons | Skeletal or voluntary muscles |
| Used to visualize the inside of joint cavity | Arthroscopy |
| detects abnormalities of spinal cord by visualizing the distribution of a radio opaque dye | Myelography |
| Measure electrical activity of muscles | Electromyography |
| inflammation of bone | Osteomyelitis |
| In children these bones are the most affected with osteomyelitis | Humerus,Tibia, Femur |
| In adults Osteomyelitis it affects the | pelvis and vertabrae |
| Osteomyelities is caused by | bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pneumococcus, |
| Ostemylities is treated with | antibiotic therapy and in advance serious cases mar require surgery |
| Its rare and associated with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis | Tuberculosis of the bone |
| Common affected areas of Tb of the Bone | Ends of the long bones and knees |
| Potts disease | TB of the vertebrae |
| Disease of infancy or early childhood in which bones do not properly ossify or harden | Rickets |
| Symptoms of Rickets | -bones fail to calcify -growth retardation -bowed legs -weak abdominal muscles -stomach muscles |
| Rickets can be prevented with | Vitamin D and exposure for sunlight |
| Osteomalacia | abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D |
| osteporosis | disease in which bone becomes porous, fracture easily, heal slowly- 80% women |
| Osteporosis is diagnose | patinet history and bone density test |
| Overproduction of bone | Pigets disease/ ostetis defromans |
| The cause of pigets is unkown but.. | 20 to 30 of cases are genetic |
| Complication of Pigets | ostegenic sarcoma |
| Pigets is diagnose with | examination, xrays, bone scans and bone biopsy |
| Treatment for Pigets | requires calcitonin and etidronate wich reduce bone resorption and mithramycin wich decreases calcium |
| Scolosis | Exaggerated lateral curvature of the spine. curves to one side or the other, Usually diagnose in children |
| Scoliosis may result from | fusion of vertabrae or neuromascular origin |
| Mild curvature od scoliosis is | less 20 degrees, more severe are more 30 degree must be treated with braces to prevent further, Curvetures of 40 require surgery |
| Kyphosis | exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback) |
| Lordosis | abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition) |
| Ostegenic sarcoma | cancer of bone, usually effects the ends of long bones. The cause is unknown. |
| The chief signs and symptoms of fracture include | Visibly out of place or misshapen limb or joint Swelling, Bruising,or Bleeding Intense pain Numbness and tingling Broken Skin with bone protruding Limited mobility or inability to move a limb |
| Imflammation of a joint | Arthitis |
| Rheumatoid Arthitis | Autoimmune causes chronic inflammation of joints, stiffness, swan neck, boutonie deformity, ulnar deviation |
| Rheumatoid factors | autoanitbodies directed against human IgG that are often present in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| Symptoms of RA | 1. morning stiffness lasting longer than 1 hour 2. fatigue (chronic) 3. pain 4. weakness (30-40% weaker) 5. depression 6. anorexia (just not hungry) |
| Ankylosis | immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis |
| Osteoarthritis | Most common type of arthritis Mechanical pathology-wear and tear of joints, gets better with movement and then pain at night -Secodarily due to Pagets, Achondroplasia, Legg Perthes and or Trauma -Herberdens nodes on DIP -Bouchards nodes on MIP -narrowing of the joint space -non-inflammatory, no systemic symptoms -Get osteophytes (bone spur), subchondral cysts, |
| bone spurs | Are small projections of bone that form around joints due to damage to the joint's surface, most commonly caused from the onset of osteoarthritis. They limit movement and cause pain in the joint. |
| Gout | a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints |
| septic arthritis | Medical emergency Joint infection can destroy joint in 48hrs Knee and hip are most common sites Since the acetabulum is not yet formed, it may cause long term problems or destroy the entire femoral head in newborns Immediate aspiration, drainage is needed |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the sacs of sinovial fluid that usually provide for frictionless movement of a joint |
| Bursae | FLUID-FILLED, SACLIKE MEMBRANES THAT PROVIDE FOR CUSHIONING AND FRICTIONLESS MOTION BETWEEN TWO TISSUES |
| Dislocation of bone | displacement of bones from thier normal position of bone |
| sprain | injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without joint dislocation or fracture |
| strain muscle | caused by overworking tendon, muscle, or group of muscles. prevention: warming up before exercising |
| Carpal tunnel symdrome | is an example of trauma that result from prolonged,repettitive movement.CTS is a condition in which the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed,causing pain and discomfort. |
| Electromyogram | a graphic representation of the electrical currents associated with muscular contraction, obtained by inserting electrodes into the muscle fibers |
| Muscle Dystrophy | group of inherited muscle-destroying diseases muscles enlarge due to fat and connective tissue deposits, Muscle fibers atrophy |
| Dystrophin | protein is important in maintaining the integrity of muscle fiber. absence cuases muscular dystrophy |
| Myasthemia Gravis | muscle weakness resulting from abnormalities in the neuromuscular junction; likely cause: reduced number of ACh receptors; affects face and neck (swallowing, speaking, chewing, eye movements) |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of striated muscle; have rapid metastasis. |
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