Chapter 11
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Created by:
bufordbiology on April 24, 2012
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetics | study of heredity |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells (gametes/sex cells) join to form a new cell |
| true breeding | organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate |
| trait | specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| segregation | separation of alleles during gamete formation |
| gamete | specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction (sperm & egg) |
| punnett square | diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| monohybrid cross | A cross (or mating) between two organisms where ONE gene is studied |
| dihybrid cross | A cross (or mating) between two organisms where TWO genes are studied |
| homozygous | an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait (tt or TT) |
| purebred | offspring that has two identical alleles for a particular trait (homozygous) |
| heterozygous | organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (Tt) |
| hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits (heterozygous) |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism (what it looks like) |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| independent assortment | independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance | when neither allele is completely dominant over the other (the resulting offpspring shows a "mixing" of the parents' phenotype- red parent*white parent = pink offspring) |
| codominance | when both alleles of a gene affect the phenotype of an organism |
| multiple alleles | three or more alleles for the same gene (e.g. blood types) |
| polygenic traits | trait controlled by two or more genes |
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