History of Ancient Near East
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ignacio_sil on April 24, 2012
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ahmose | (1570-1532) Became Pharaoh after his brothers death Laid siege against Avaris (Hyksos) Stele was set up in Karnak to commemorate exploits Married to Ahmose-Nefertari Favored god Amun (Ra) [Creator God] Posthumous funerary cult Burried at Dra Abu el-Naga |
| Amenhotep I | (1553-1532) Mother was Nefertari (served as co-regent) Married sister Ahhotep II Built Karnak Earliest known water clock was invented by Amenemhat Burried at The Valley of the Kings |
| Tuthmosis I | (1532-1512) Aquired throne by marrying Amenhotep's sister Ahmes or Ahmose Was a strong military commander of Amenhoptep Buried at "The Valley of the Kings" Had Tuthmosis II through his concubine Mutnofret |
| Tuthmosis II | (1512-1503) Married Hatshepsut his half sister One military campaign against Asiatics Added a shrine to Karnak complex Died at age 30, Buried at "V of the K" Had Thutmosis III through his concubine Isis |
| Hatshepsut | (1503-1482) Rules Egypt with Thutmosis III Proclaimed herself as King after two years Built a small chapel within her temple for her father Continued exploitation of Sinai for copper Built her funerary temple in Deir el-Bahri (built by Senenmut) Built at Karnak Obelisk were quarried at Aswan |
| Tuthmosis III | (1482-1450) Erased all memory of Hatshepsut Blocked her obelisk at Karnak In 30 years, he had 17 campaigns Built at Karnak Temple complex Temple witness five stage conflict with Mitanni Buried at the Valley of the Kings |
| Amenhotep II | (1450-1425) Was known for his unusual physical strength Several campaigns in Canaan (3rd yr) captured 7 princes of Canaan and brought them to Egypt Campaigned a few more times Brought 90,000 slaves Buried at the Valley of the Kings |
| Tuthmosis IV | (1425-1416) Reigned for 9 years Received vision on Giza plateau to uncover a sphinx, as his reward he became Pharaoh Erected stele at Giza to commemorate event Venerated Memphite gods Died at age 30 |
| Amenhotep III | (1416-1379) Son of Thutmosis IV and Mutemwia Pharoah at age 12 Married Tiy at age 14 Dedicated 600 statues to Sekhmet due to sickness Great influence through NE Peace and Prosperity |
| Amenhoptep IV/ Akhenaten | (1379-1361) Crown at Karnak Married his cousin Nefertiti During 2nd year replaced Amun-Re with Aten 4th yr visited Akhetatan for new capital site Capitol was moved to Memphis Buried at Amarna |
| Smenkhkare | (1359-1350) Continued tradition of Amarna Died at age 20 Buried at Amarna |
| Tuthankamun | (1359-1350) Married Ankhesenpaaten Became Pharaoh at nine years old Started reign in Akhetaten Returned for old religion Started mortuary temple at Medinet Habu Continued work on Karnak Constructed second pair of lions at Soleb (Did not set the lions) Hittites took Qadesh and Amki Died at 19 |
| Ay | (1350-1347) Rule a short while Seen on wall of Tutankhamun's tomb reserved for a successor |
| Horemheb | (1347-1320) Military leader since Tutankhamun Qadesh and Amki were returned to him by Hittites Continued to restore religion of sun god Built Medinet Habu Burried at Valley of Kings |
| Ramesses I | (1320-1319) Royal commander who trained in military Placed as Pharaoh by Horemheb Promoted Heliopolitan religion Shifted power from Thebes to Memphis Did some work at Karnak Erected chapel at Abydos (Osiris is god of dead) Buried at Valley of the Kings |
| Seti I | (1319-1304) Rewrote history Tried to re-establish policies in Canaan Fought against Shasu bedouin (Edomites) Captured Gaza by dividing army into three divisions (Ra, Amum, Seth) March against Qadesh After Syria-Palestine was pacified, marched against Libya After 4 campaigns Egypt was respected again Buried at Valley of the Kings Tomb has some of the most complete funerary texts Built his mortuary temple at Abydos |
| Ramesses II | (1304-1237) Best known Pharoah Defeated Sherdon pirates during second year Campaigned against Syria in 4th year Campaigned against Qadesh, battle ended in peace During 8th year he marched toward Qadesh again Suppressed rebelion in Edon and Moab Long reign created succession problems |
| Merneptah | (1237-1227) Able to conquer Philistines |
| Tetisheri | Object of Posthumous funerary cult Ahmose's grandmother Played an important role in creating the dynasty She was still alive when her grandson became Pharoah |
| Ahhotep I | Second woman in Posthumous funerary cult Ahmose's mother She might have been co-regent with Ahmose |
| Ahmose - Nefertari | Third woman in Posthumous funerary cult Outlived Ahmose Received endowment "Doman of the God's wife" Tile was recorded in "Stele of Donations" |
| Senenmut | Accredited for building Hatshepsut's temple in Deir el-Bahri Personal nurse for Neferure Became queen spokesman Dissapeared from all texts towards the end of Hatshepsut's reign |
| Neferure | Personal nurse was Senenmut Wife of Thutmosis III Mother of Amenhotep |
| Yuya | Mother of Tiy |
| Tuya | Father of Tiy |
| Tiy | Wife of Amenhotep III Daughter of Tuya and Yuya Outlived her husband Bore husband 6 children (2 sons, 2 girls) Second son inherited Throne Lived through first 8 years of sons reign Stood ad the personification of Maat Brought to her son's residence in Amarna |
| Nefertiti | Cousin and wife of Amenhotep IV Daughter of Ay |
| Ankhesanamun | Wife of Ay Was not seen after her marriage |
| Suppiluliumas | Delegation was sent by Ankhesanamun so send a son for the throne Sent his son Prince Sennanza |
| Sennanza | Son of Suppiluliumas Killed in journey to Eypt to marry Ankhesanamun |
| New Kingdom | Another name for 18th Dynastry |
| 18th Dynasty | (1570-1320) Ahmose Amenhotep Thutmosis Hatshepset Thutmosis III Amenhotep II Thutmosis IV Amenhotep III Amenhotep IV Smenkhkare Tutankhamun Horemheb |
| 19th Dynasty | (1320-1213) Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesse Seti II Siptah Tworse |
| Merneptah stele | Only Egyptian document that mentioning Isrir or Israel Describes the victory over the Canaanites and Philistines (Sea People) |
| Avaris | Hyksos gained control as early as 1730 or 1720 BC Capital of Hyksos Accepted Seth as main deity Fell in 1570 and Hyksos were expelled Was laid siege by Ahmose |
| Abydos | Location of many temples Ramesses I erected chapel here Seti's mortuary temple is located here |
| Thebes | Ta'a I became pharaoh here |
| The Valley of the Kings | Burial place of Pharoahs Smenkhkare Horemheb Amenhotep I, II Thutmosis I, II, III Hatshepsut Ramessess I, II Seti I Siptah |
| Karnak | Place where Amenhotep was crowned Ahmose's stele was set up here Main place of worship for 18th Dynasty Temple complex |
| Mitanni | Made alliance with Egypt in order to protect themselves from Hittites |
| Hittites | Took Qadesh and Amki after the assassination of Sennanza |
| Sphinx | Showed vision to Thutmosis IV |
| Amarna | 379 clay tablets were discovered here reflecting the relationship with NE |
| Akhetaten | Capital city built by Akhenaten but abandoned later |
| Aten | god that was available to common man Replaced Amun-Re during Amenhotep's IV reign |
| Shasu | Seti I fought against them Was also attacked by Ramesses II |
| Muwatalis | King of the New Kingdom of the Hittite empire |
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