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Gregor Mendel Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884) Mendel studied inheritance of seven traits in Pea plants self pollination of pea plants the flower is structured so that the pollen can fall from the stamen to the pistil of the same flower scientists can control mating by removing the stamen from the flower Law of dominance The principle of genetics stating that when organisms pure for contrasting traits are crossed, all their offspring will show the dominant trait. Law of segregation Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete law of independent assortment each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random Punnett squares geneticists use to figure out the probablilites of different offspring as a reslut of mating particular parents