Ch. 37 "The Circulatory & Respiratory Systems" Test
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Created by:
madelinieg16 on April 24, 2012
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58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The Ciculatory System | acts in a way that is similar to a transportation system |
| The 3 mmain parts of the circulatory system | Heart, system of blood vessels, and Blood |
| Septum (hint: seperates the ventricles) | Prevents the mixing of oxygen rich blood and oxygen poor blood in the heart |
| Pericardium | A protective sac of tissue the heart rests in |
| Myocardium | The thick layer of muscle in the heart |
| Atrium | The top two chambers in the heart |
| Venticle | The bottom two chambers in the heart |
| Where the pacemaker is located | The right atrium |
| Which pathway is the largest of the circulatory system? | Systemic System |
| The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory system? | Blood Vessels |
| What are the 3 main types of blood vessels? | Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins |
| What are the smallest vessels? | Capillaries |
| Which type of vessel has thick muscluar walls? | Arteries |
| Which type of vessel has thin walls & is equipped with valves? | Veins |
| What is the function of valves? | To prevent the backflow of blood |
| Blood Pressure | The force of the blood on the arterie's walls |
| Sphygmomanometer | The tool used by medical workers to measure blood pressure |
| Systolic Pressure | The first number, higher number, in a blood pressure reading (ventricles contract) |
| Diastolic Pressure | The second number, lower number, in a blood pressure reading (ventricles relax) |
| Hypertension | Another name for high blood pressure |
| Kidney | Helps to regulate blood pressure by removing water from the blood |
| Atherosclerosis | Fatty deposits on the walls of arteries lead to this condition |
| What can occur when a blood vessel that supplies the heart with blood & oxygen gets blocked? | Part of the heart muscle can die due to a lack of oxygen |
| Stroke | Results when a vessel in the brain gets blocked (usually a clot) |
| Blood | The circulating fluid that is pumped through vessels in the body |
| The main functions of blood | collects nutrients, regulates body temperature, & fights disease/ infection |
| What are the 4 main parts of blood? | Red blood cells, White blood cells, Plasma, & Platelets |
| Plasma | The liquid part of blood that consist mostly (90%) of water |
| Which type of blood cells are the most numerous in the body? | Red blood cells |
| If an infection occurs, which type of blood cell increases its numbers to fight off infection? | White blood cells |
| How much blood does the human body contain? | 4-6 Liters |
| Hemoglobin | The iron containing protein that binds to oxygen |
| Which type of blood cell contains Hemoglobin? | Red blood cells |
| Platelets | The part of the blood responsible for clotting |
| What are the 3 main groups of plasma proteins? | Albumins, Globulins, &Fibrinogens |
| WHich type of plasma protein helps regulate osmotic pressure & blood volume? | Albumins |
| Whichg type of plasma protein helps fight viral & bacterial infection? | Globulins |
| Which type of plasma protein is responsible for the ability to form a blood clot? | Fibrinogen |
| What is fribrinogen converted into? | a sticky mesh of fibrin filaments |
| What is the first step of blood clotting? | Platelets release clotting factors |
| Hemophilia | A genetic disorder that results from a defective protein in the clotting pathway |
| The Lymphatic System | Collects the fluid lost by blood & returns it to the circulatory system |
| Swollen Lymph Nodes | Might be the sign of an infection |
| Swollen Glands | anothe rway to say swollen lymph nodes |
| Edema | A swelling of the tissue due to accumulation of excess fluid |
| Respiration | The process by which oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, blood, & the air in the lungs |
| What controls breathing? | Nervous system and brain |
| Pharynx | The passageway for air & food |
| Windpipe | Anothe rname for trachea |
| Cilia & Mucus | Filter, warm, & moisten the air you breathe |
| Epiglottis | Prevents the passage of food from the pharynx into the lungs |
| Alveoli | Where the actual exchange of aire takes place |
| Larynx | consists of 2 highly elastic folds of tissue called vocal chords |
| Bronchi | Where inhaled are passes from the trachea and then on to the lungs |
| Diaphragm | Contractions from this muscle force air into the lungs |
| Oxygen easily diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because... | there is more oxygen in the alveoli than the blood |
| What the 3 harmful substances found in tabacco | Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide, & Tar |
| What are the 3 diseases that can be caused from smoking? | Emphysema, Lung Cancer, & Heart Disease |
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