| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Census | A period count of the population. |
| Child mortality rate (CMR) | The number of children that die within their first to fifth years in a population. |
| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | The number of deaths in the first year of life for every 1,000 live births. |
| Crude birth rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
| Crude death rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
| Natural increase rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. |
| Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics. |
| Density | The frequency with which something occurs in space. |
| Agricultural density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land. |
| Arithmetic density | The total number of people divided by total land area. |
| Physiological density | The number of people supported by a unit of arable land. |
| Population density | The number of individuals per unit of living space. |
| Acquired Immune Deficency Syndrome (AIDS) | A disease of the immune system caused by HIV that destroys cells of the immune system that normally fight infections and cancers, leaving the body vulnerable to disease. |
| Chronic diseases | Afflictions of middle and old age reflecting higher life expectancies |
| Dot maps | Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births. |
| Doubling time | The number of years needed to double a population. |
| Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| Total fertility rate (FTR) | The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years. |
| Life expectancy | The average age that a newborn infant can expect to attain at the current mortality levels. |
| Megalopolis | A very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns) |
| Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over another. |
| Expansive population policies | Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of poluation growth. |
| Population composition | The structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education. |
| Population distributions | The discriptions of locations on the earth's surface where individuals or groups live. |
| Population explosion | The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century. |
| Population pyramids | The visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. |
| Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. |
| Restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. |
| Stationary population level | The level at which national population ceases to grow. |
| Zero population growth | When the birth rate equals the death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero. |
| Sex (gender) ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. |
| Pandemic | The outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide. |
| Epidemic | The regional outbreak of a disease. |
| Medical | Pertainig to the science of practicing medicine. |
| Dependancy ratio | The number of non-working compared with working individuals in a population. |
| Fertility | Measurement of the actual number of offspring produced through sexual reproduction. |
| Thomas Malthus | An English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834). |
| Neo-Malthusians | Pessimistic; originally used to mean population limitation by birth control and/or abortion. |
| Population | A group of individuals of one species that live in a particular geographic area. |
| Revolutions | A war against your own kind. |
| Demographic transition model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. |
| Diseases | Any harmful, depraved, or morbid condition, as of the mind or society. |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | HIV; a type of retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). |
| Cholera | An acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food. |
| Bubonic plague | An infectious disease transmitted by fleas. It is characterized by fever, chills, and the formation of swellings. (Black Plague or Black Death) |
| Epidemology | Study of frequency, distribution, and causes of different diseases with a focus on physical/social environment. |
| Epidemiological transition | Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. |
| Agricultural | Study of research of how to make crops grow. |
| Industrial | An area whose economy is based upon factories and manufacturing. |
| Less developed countries | Poorer countries that do not manufacture as many of their goods as more developed countries. |
| More developed countries | Population growth is low and people enjoy a good standard of living. |
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