Geog. Ch 7
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Accent | a dialect difference that involves pronunciation |
| Caste | a group in the rigid social hierarchy of Hinduism |
| Cognate | a word that clearly looks or sounds like one in another language to which it is related historically |
| Creole | a pidgin language that has become a mother tongue |
| Dialect | a variation within a language |
| Drift | changes and errors in how a language is used that accumulates over time |
| etymology | the study of the origin and history of words |
| fundamentalism | the strictest adherence to traditional religious beliefs |
| isogloss | a line around places where speakers use a linguistic feature in the same way |
| isolate | a language unrelated to its neighbors |
| language | a set of words, plus their pronunciation and methods of combining them that is used and understood as communication with a group of people |
| language family | languages that are related by descent from a common protolangage |
| liberation theology | the belief putting the problems of overcoming poverty at the heart of Christianity |
| Lingua Franca | a second language held in common for international discourse |
| Monotheism | belief in the existence of only one god |
| Official language | the language in which legal documents are kept in a country |
| orthography | the study of writing or a system of writing |
| polyglot state | a country that grants legal equality to two or more languages |
| proselytize | to try to convert others to your religious beliefs |
| root language or protolanguage | the common ancertor language to any group of several of today's languages |
| secularism | a lifetstyle or policy that deliberately ignores or excludes religious considerations |
| Shamanism | a belief in the power of mediums who characteristically go into autohypnotic trances, during which they are thought to be in communication with the spirit world |
| Sharia | Islamic teachings that are often incorporated into law in Islamic countries |
| Speech community | a group of people who speak together |
| standard language | the way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar |
| syncretic religion | a religion that combines two or more traditional religious practices |
| terrorism | violent acts intended to frighten and to intimidate for politcal ends a civilian population beyond the immediate victims |
| theocracy | a form of government where a church rules directly |
| toponymy | the study of place names |
| untouchable | one of a group of people considered so low that their status is below the formal structure of the Hindu Caste system |
| zionism | the belief that Jews should have a homeland of their own |
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