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Hebrews Ethnic group that believed in monotheism and that they had a covenant with God. Monotheism Belief in only one god Indus River Location where the first civilizations of India started Silk Road Trade route that connected China, India, Persia and Europe during ancient times. Confucianism "The duty of children to their parents is the foundation from which all virtues spring" aka. show respect to one's family. Great Wall Wall built to seperate the Chinese from the barbarians Inventions of the Ancient Chinese Magnetic Compass, Gunpowder, Paper Importance of geography on Greece Mountains created isolation. Islands led to trade and colonization Homer Wrote the epic poems the Illiad and the Odyssey Galileo the father of modern observational astronomy, he confirmed that sun was the center of the universe, yet his discovery cause conflict with the church authorities. Sparta City-state of ancient Greece based on military values. Athens City-state of ancient Greece based on democracy and the arts. Democracy Political system developed in the city-state of Athens Socrates "The unexamined life is not worth living", also know as challenge the authority through questioning. Plato "The objects we see with our senses are simply reflections of the "Ideal Form". Wrote the book "The Republic" about perfect government. Aristotle Analyzed and classified things based on observation and investigation Alexander the Great Spread Greek culture into Egypt, Middle East, Persia and India Roman Republic Political system where officials are elected to serve the needs of the citizens Gladiators Slaves in the Roman Empire who fought to death as entertainment Colosseum Famous Roman ampitheater that was the site of gladitorial contests, mock sea battles, etc. Jesus Founder of Christianity Christianity Changed the social values of the Roman people and the army to a more peaceful view. Islam "Submission to the will of Allah" Muhammad Founder of the religion of Islam Quran Holy scriptures of Islam Jihad Holy struggle by a Muslims for a moral or spiritual goal Mongols Asian nomadic people who held the worlds largest Empire and was able to control China, India, Middle East and parts of Western Europe. Mosque Muslim place of worship Feudalism The economic and political system that developed in Europe during the Middle Ages Magna Carta The "Great Charter," in which the king's power over his nobles was limited, agreed to by King John of England in 1215. Ten Commandments a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship to God, which play a fundamental role in Judaism and most forms of Christianity. Inquisition A Catholic court established to judge heretics and excommunicate protestants. Crusades A series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Western European Christians to reclaim control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims. Black Death An outbreak of bubonic plague that was spread by rats and fleas killing a third of Europe's population. Hinduism a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation Buddhism the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases Qin Dynasty the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government Confucius Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BC) Martin Luther a priest and protest the church corruption/ inspire a massive reformation of Christianity. Mesopotamia in Greek, it means between two rivers ( the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)