| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Order of Operations | The rules that tell which operation to perform first when more than one operation is used. |
| Edge | The edges are the segments formed by intersecting faces. |
| Supplementary angles | Two angles are supplementary if the sum of their measures is 180 degrees. |
| Complementary angles | Two angles are complementary if the sum of their measure is 90 degrees. |
| Face | A face is a flat surface. |
| Absolute value | The distance a number is from zero on a number line. |
| Circle Graph | A graph used to compare parts of a whole. The circle represents the whole and is separated into parts. |
| Integer | Whole numbers and their opposites, including zero |
| Opposites | Are numbers that are the same distance from zero in opposite directions on the number line |
| Zero | Is neither negative nor positive |
| Negative numbers | Are on the left side of a number line and are represented by using a minus sign and become more negative as the number increase example: -9 is more negative than -2. |
| Acute angle | An angle with a measure greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. |
| Parallelogram | A quadrilateral that has both pairs of opposites sides congruent and parallel. |
| Volume | The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied by a solid. Volume is expressed in cubic units |
| Algebraic expression | A combination of variables, numbers and at least one operation, |
| Variable | Any letter can be used as a variable in an algebraic expression. |
| Operation | Any symbol used to solve a math problem example: +, - , *, / etc... |
| Angle | Two rays with a common end point form an angle. |
| Least Common Multiple (LCM) | The least of the common multiples of two or more numbers. Example: Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12 Multiple of 6: 6, 12, 18 The LCM of 4 and 6 is 12. |
| Area | The number of square units needed to cover the surface enclosed by a geometric figure. |
| Formula for area | A=lw Area=length times width. |
| Bar Graph | A graph using bars to compare quantities: the height or length of each bar represents a designated number. |
| Center | The given point from which all points on a circle are the same. The center is the midpoint of the diameter of a circle. |
| Line Graph | A graph use to show how a set of data changes over a period of time. |
| Circumference | The distance around a circle |
| Formula for circumference | C = pi (d) Circumference = pi times diameter |
| Congruent Figures | Figures that are the same shape and size. |
| Mixed numbers | The sum of a whole number and a fraction. Use the remainder as the numerator and the divisor as the denominator of the fraction. |
| Coordinate grid | A grid in which a horizontal number line and a vertical line intersect at their zero point. |
| Cross Product | In a proportion, a cross product is the product of the numerator of one ratio and the denominator of the other ratio. Example: In the proportion 6/8 =3/4, the cross products are 8 x 3=24 and 6 x 4=24, so the cross product is 24. |
| Diameter | The distance across a circle through its center. |
| Formula for finding diameter | d=2r diameter= 2 times radius |
| Equation | A mathematical sentence that contains an equals sign, =, indicating that the expression on the left side of the equals sign has the same value as the expression on the right side. Example: 2 + c = 9 so the value for the variable that results in a true sentence is 7. So, 7 is the solution because 2 + 7 = 9. |
| Exponent | In a power, the number of times the base is used as a factor. |
| Proportion | An equation stating that two ratios or rates are the same. Example 2/10 =6/30 |
| Function | A relationship in which each element of the input is paired with exactly one element of the output according to a specified rule. In a linear function, the graph of a set of ordered pairs forms a line. Example: In the function rule X + 7, add 7 to each input. If the input is 3, the output would be 10 since 3 + 7 = 10. |
| Greatest Common Factor (GCF) | The greatest of the common factors of two or more numbers. Example: The GCF of 24 and 30 is 6. The GCF of 60 and 54 is 6 |
| Hypotenuse | The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle. The hypotenuse is the longest side of the right triangle. |
| Metric System | A decimal system of measure. Example: kilo- thousands-1,000 centi- hundredths - .01 milli-thousandths - .001. K h d unit d c m |
| Obtuse angle | An angle that measures greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees. |
| Right angles | An angle that measures 90 degrees. |
| Ordered pair | A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate system; the ordered pair is written as (x-coordinate, y-coordinate). Example (2,3) (10,4) (-3, -10) |
| Origin | The point of intersection of the x-axis and y-axis in a coordinate system. Example: The origin is where x = 0 and y = 0 in a coordinate system. |
| Similar figures | Figures that have the same shape but different sizes. |
| Perimeter | The distance around any closed figure. Example: If a square has sides of 4 inches, the perimeter would be 4 x 4 or 26 inches. |
| Quadrilateral | A polygon with four sides and four angles. |
| Vertical Angles | Opposite angles formed by the intersection of two lines. |
| Square root | One of two equal factors of a number. Example: The square root of 9 is 3, because 3 x 3 =9, the square root of 25 is 5, because 5 x 5 = 25. |
| Rhombus | A parallelogram with all side congruent. A kite with four congruent sides is a rhombus. |
| Ratio | A comparison of two quantities by division. Example: the ratio of 3 to 5 can be stated as 3 out of 5, 3 to 5, 3:5 , or 3/5. |
| Probability | The chance that some event will occur. Example: If you have 5 green jelly beans ad 1 red jelly bean, the probability that you will pick a red jelly bean is 1/6. |
| Radius | The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle; the radius of a circle is half of its diameter. Example: If the diameter of a circle is 8 centimeters, the radius would be 4 centimeters. |
| Venn Diagram | A diagram that uses circles to display elements of different sets; overlapping circles that show common elements. The factors of 42 and 56 can be shown in a Venn diagram with the common factors of 1 ,2 7, and 14 displayed in the over lapping circles. |
| Surface Area | The sum of the areas of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure. |
| Formula for Surface Area | SA=2(w x h) + 2(h x b) + 2(b x w) w=width h=height b=base |
| Three-dimensional figures | A solid figure that has length, width, and dept (or height). |
| Scatter Plot | Two sets of related data are plotted as ordered pairs on the same graph. Example: Temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius can be graphed to show similar points and degrees. |
| Simplest Form | A form of a fraction when the GCF of the numerator and the denominator is 1. Example: 9/81 written in simplest form is 1/9. Also, 3/4 written in simplest form is 1/4. |
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