The Integumentary System
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the functions of the skin? | Protection-prevent water loss, physical injury, UV damage, invasion by microbes; Regulates temp.; Communication-sensory; Excrete wastes- via sweat glands; Vitamin D prodcution |
| Epidermis | Waterproof, avascular (has no blood), dynamic. It's composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium |
| Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) | the deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the dermis. It undergoes rapid division of the youngest cells. |
| Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Later) | Absorbs UV light, melanin is abundant, cells begin to die |
| Stratum Granulosum (Granular Layer) | Thin; 3-5 cell layers in which drastic changes of keratinocytes-keratin |
| Stratum Lucidum (Clear Layer) | Consists of rows of dead keratinocytes, present only in palms and soles. |
| Stratum Corneum (Horny Later) | Outermost layer of keratinized cells; waterproof, protection from abrasion. |
| Pathology-Diseases | Rapid, overproduction of the stratum basale causes red, raw, sensitive tissue to be exposed to the air. |
| Blood Shunting | when the skin sends blood blood somewhere else where it is needed. |
| Dermis | sencond major skin region contating strong flexible connective tissue. Composed of papillary and reticular layers. |
| Papillary Layer | Loose connective tissue with collagten and elastic fibers (destroyed in UV light) |
| Reticular Layer | Accounts for 80% of thickness of the skin. Collagen fibers add strength and resiliency to the skin. |
| Hypodermis | Composed of adipose and areoclar connective tissue. |
| Skin Color | Three pigments contribute to skin color; Melanin, Carotene, Hemoglobin. |
| Melanin | Yellow to reddish-brown to black pigment, responsible for dark skin colors. |
| Carotene | Yellos to orange pigment, most obvious in palms and soles of feet. |
| Hemoglobin | Reddish pigment responsibvle for the pinkish hue of the skin. |
| Sweat Glands | Different types prevent ove3rheating of the body; secrete cerumen and milk. |
| Eccrine Sweat Glands | Found in palms, soles of feet, and forehead. |
| Apocrine Sweat Glands | Found in axillary and anogential areas. |
| Cerruminous Glands | Modifiend apocrine glands in external ear canal that secrete cerumen. |
| Mammary Glands | Specialized sweat glands that secrete milk. |
| Sebaceous Glands | Found all over the body, secrete and oily secretion called sebum. |
| Pheromone | attracts people |
| Functions of hair: | Help maintain warmth, guarding the scalp of physical trauma, heat loss, and and sunlight. Hair is everyone except: palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of the external genitalia. |
| Types of Hair | Vellus-pale, fine body hair found in children and the adult female. Terminal-coarse, long hair of eyebrowns, scalp, axillary, and pubic regions. |
| Alopecia | Hair thinning in both sexes |
| 3 Major Types of Skin Cancer | Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma. |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Least malignant and most common skin cancer. Slow growing and doesnt often spread. Can be cured by surgical excision 99% of time. |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum. Found often on scalp, ears, and lower lip. Grows rapidly and spreads if not removed. |
| Melanoma | Most dangerous type of skin cancer because it is resistant to chemotherapy and it is highly metastatic. |
| ABCDE Rule | A: Asymmetry. B: Border. C: Color. D: Diameter. E: Elevation. |
| Melanoma Treatment | Chance of survival is poor if the lesion is over 4 mm thick. |
| First Degree Burn | Only the epidermis is damaged. Redness, swelling, and some pain. |
| Second Degree Burn | Epidermis and upper regions of the dermis are damaged. Blisters will also appear with redness and swelling. |
| Third Degree Burn | Entire thickness of the skin is damaged. Burn area will appear gray, cherry red or black. No swelling. |
| Critical Burns | Over 25% of the body has second degree, over 10% has third degree, and third degree burns on face hands of face. |
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