Evolution Test
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Created by:
blueeyedwonder96121 on April 24, 2012
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 evolution | is the theory that explains how change in a species occurs over time. |
| evidence such as fossil records indicate that... | life began on Earth more than 3 billion years ago |
| the first living organisms were... | single celled organisms, which over time become more complex |
| about a billion years ago... | more complex multicellular organisms began to appear |
| common ancestors | modern organisms evolved over long periods of time from these... |
| theory of evolution | -central theme of modern biology -evolution helps us understand how the variations between individuals can lead to changes in an entire species |
| Charles Darwin | introduced the idea of evolution in the 1850's, which has since become an accepted theory |
| theory | is a concept that has been tested and confirmed in many different ways and can be used by scientists to make predictions about the natural world |
| fossil record | - the theory of evolution helps us understand the similarities among organisms such as bone structure and biochemical make up -history of life is revealed by this, which shows the history of Earth's organisms -it also spans much of geologic time, the billions of years of Earths history |
| phylogenetic trees | evolution doesn't always show progress in a set direction for any species, but rather changes cause species to appear to grow like branches on a tree: -some branches extend from beginning to present with little change -some die off -and some branch further each branch represents a different species. branching points show common ancestors of the species at the ends of branches |
| artificial selection of plants and animals by breeders | Darwin proposed that evolution was similar to this process... |
| natural selection | describes how organisms with desirable traits (random) survive in nature and are able to breed and pass on their genetic information (survival of the fittest) |
| evolutionary change depends on... | - overproduction -supply of resources -genetic variation -selection by the environment |
| overproduction | potential for a precise to increase its numbers |
| supply of resources | needed for life |
| genetic variation | due to mutation and genetic shuffling |
| overproduction | -each species has the potential to produce more offspring that can possibly survive -stable environments maintain populations at a constant rate from year to year based on resources |
| factors affecting survival: | -chance -environmental conditions -available resources -ability to competition |
| genetic variation | -new traits that can lead to evolution come from this, its within a species, which is the unique combination of traits each organism inherits from its parents -some variations are advantages when competing for resources |
| adaptive value | a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce under a given set of environmental conditions has this... ex.) coloration of a rabbit |
| a chnge in DNA causes a change in... | that organism |
| in sexually reproducing organisms only the changes in... | the sex cells or gametes are passed onto the offspring |
| two ways organisms can develop different genes that are different from its parents are... | -mutations -genetic shuffling |
| mutations | -change a base sequence of a DNA molecule -are random events that cannot be predicted -most are harmful and may cause death, however few are benefit an individual, increasing the chance of survival, reproduction, and passing this on to the next generation -beneficial ones lead to the evolution of a new species |
| genetic shuffling | - the sorting and random recombination of genes during meiosis and fertilization resulting in new and different combinations of genes - these genes are passed onto offspring |
| competitive advantage | traits with adaptive value in a specific environment gives individuals in that environment this... |
| a driving force to evolutionary change is... | a changing environment |
| genetic | ... |
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