Chapter 10 - Agriculture
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Created by:
ghazal-saleh on April 24, 2012
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agribusiness | commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
| Agriculture | the deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Cereal grain | a grass yielding grain for food. |
| Chaff | husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
| Combine | a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field. |
| Commercial agriculture | agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
| Crop | grain of fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season. |
| Crop rotation | the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil. |
| Desertification | degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. |
| Double cropping | harvesting twice a year from the same field. |
| Grain | seed of a cereal grass. |
| Green revolution | rapid diffusion of new agriculture technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
| Horticulture | the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Hull | the outer covering of a seed. |
| Intensive subsistence agriculture | a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| Milkshed | the area surrounding a city from which milk is applied. |
| Paddy | malary word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah. |
| Pastoral nomadism | a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
| Pasture | grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing. |
| Plantation | a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country. |
| Prime agricultural land | the most productive farmland,. |
| ranching | a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
| reaper | a machine that cuts cereal grain standing in the field. |
| ridge tillage | system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. |
| sawah | a flooded field for growing rice. |
| shifting cultivation | a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
| slash-and-burn agriculture | another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. |
| spring wheat | wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. |
| swidden | a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning. |
| thresh | to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it. |
| transhumance | the seasonal migration of livestock between mountainous and lowland pastures. |
| truck farming | commercial gardening and fruit farming. |
| wet rice | rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
| winnow | to remove chaFF by allowing it to be blown away by the wind. |
| winter wheat | wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer. |
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