Chapter 19: Reaction Rates and Equilibrium
Order by
29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Rate | Measures the speed of any change that occurs with in an interval of time. |
| Activation Energy | The minimum amount of energy that particles must have in order to react. |
| Activated Complex | The arrangement of atoms at the peak of the activation-energy barrier. |
| Transition State | The activated complex. |
| Factors Affecting Reaction Rates | Temperature, concentration, particle size, catalysts |
| Catalyst | A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up itself during the reaction. |
| Inhibitor | A substance that slows down a chemical reaction |
| Reversible Reactions | Can go in either direction under different circumstances and are represented with paired arrows |
| Chemical Equilibrium | a state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged |
| Equilibrium Position | the relative concentrations of reactants and products of a reaction that has reached equilibrium; indicates whether the reactants or products are favored in the reversible reaction |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | States that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shifts in the direction that relieves the stress. |
| Equilibrium Constant (Keq) | the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that substance in the balanced chemical equation |
| Free Energy | energy that is available to do work |
| Spontaneous Reactions | reactions that occur naturally and that favor the formation of products at the specified conditions |
| Non-Spontaneous Reactions | a reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions( reactants) |
| Entropy | a measure of the disorder of a system |
| Law of Disorder | states that spontaneous processes always proceed in such a way that the entropy of the universe increases |
| Standard Entropy | The entropy at a specified temperature (usually 298 K) for 1 mol of a pure substance at 1 atmosphere pressure. |
| Gibbs free-energy | The energy in a system that can be used to drive chemical reactions. If the change in free energy of a reaction (Delta G, the free energy of the products minus the free energy of the energy of the reactants) is negative, the reaction will occur spontaneously. |
| Rate Law | an expression relating the rate of a reaction to the concentration of the reactants |
| Specific rate constant | a proportionality constant relating the concentrations of reactants to the rate of the reaction |
| First-order reaction | the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of only one reactant |
| Elementary Reaction | a reaction in which reactants are converted to products in a single step |
| Reaction Mechanism | the step-by-step sequence of reactions by which the overall chemical change occurs |
| Intermediate | a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained |
| Keq= | C^cXD^d A^aXB^b |
| (delta)G^0= | (Delta)H^0-T(delta)S^0 |
| (Delta)S^0= | S^0(products)-S^0(reactants) |
| (delta)G^0= | (delta)G^0f(products)-(delta)G^0f(reactants) |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.