CSF and Meninges
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ventricular system | cavities in the brain where cerebral spinal fluid is produced and circulated |
| lateral ventricles | each hemisphere contains a "C" shape structure with a short tail - structures include an anterior horn, a body, and posterior and inferior horns - CSF is produced here and drains into the third ventricle and then via the inter ventricular foramina of Monro |
| third ventricle | a narrow vertically oriented space that has connection with the lateral ventricles rostrally and with the cerebral aqueduct caudally - the major boundaries are formed by the dorsal thalamus and hypothalamus and it drains into the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius |
| cerebral aqueduct | is about 1.5mm in diameter canal which connects third and fourth ventricles |
| fourth ventricle | roughly pyramid shaped space - dorsally it extends into the cerebellum, and caudally it forms a narrow channel which continues into the cerebral spinal cord and forms the central canal - has three openings into the subarachnoid space: the foramina of Luschka and foramen of Magendie |
| CSF composition | very little protein present - small concentration of glucose, Ca2+, and K+ ions and greater concentrations of Na+, Cl-, and Mg2+ than blood serum |
| choroid plexus | produces CSF in the ventricular system, it is present throughout the system except in the cerebral aqueduct - in the lateral ventricle it is located in the medial wall, and in the third and fourth ventricles it is located on the roof |
| dura mater | the most outer meningeal layer, separated from the skull forming the epidural space and have two infoldings (falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli) which separates different parts of the brain from each other |
| arachnoid mater | layer between dura and pia forming the subarachnoid space |
| pia mater | closest to the brain and spinal cord surfaces which follows all their grooves and elevations |
| falx cerebri | separates the right hemisphere from the left |
| uncal herniation | a rapidly expanding lesion, usually a hematoma, forces the uncus to push on the midbrain |
| tonsillar herniation | a cerebellar tumor increases intracranial pressure in the infratentorial compartment and pushes tonsil into the foramen magnum to compress the medulla which contains cardiovascular and respiratory centers and the reticular formation (coma) |
| epidural hemorrhage | bleeding between skull and dura mater - the most common cause is an injury to the head, blood detaches the dura from the skull; these lesions are lenticular shaped and appear "short and wide" |
| subdural hemorrhage | bleeding into the meninges at the junction of the arachnoid with the dura, originates from tearing of so-called bridging veins, when these veins are damaged they disrupt the connection between dural and arachnoid layers - appears on MRI as long and thin bc it is not constrained by dural attachments |
| subarachnoid hemorrhage | the large blood vessels in the subarachnoid space may be damaged from trauma or may rupture spontaneously - this results in the spreading of blood around the brain; a trauma or rupture of aneurysm is the most common cause - blood appears in the subarachnoid space so can be diagnosed by the presence of blood in the CSF |
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