Rates of Reactions vocabulary
Order by
20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 activated complex | arrangement of the atoms at the peak of the activation-energy barrier, the lifetime of which is usually 10⁻¹³ seconds |
| activation energy | minimum amount of energy that particles must have in order to proceed with a reaction; a barrier that reactants must cross to be converted to products |
| catalyst | substance that increases the rate of reaction without being used up itself |
| chemical equilibrium | a state in which the forward and reverse reactions take place at the same rate; actual amounts of the components of the system do not change |
| collision theory | states that atoms, ions, and molecules can react to form products when they collide, provided that the particles have enough kinetic energy; if the particles lack the necessary kinetic energy to react, they will bounce apart (without forming products) when they collide |
| entropy | the disorder of a system |
| equilibrium constant (K↓(eq)) | the ratio of product concentration to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each constant raised to a power equal to the number if moles of that substance in the balanced equation (for the reaction taking place) |
| equilibrium constant | given by the relative concentrations of the system's components at equilibrium |
| free energy | energy that is available to do useful work |
| Gibbs free-energy change | maximum energy that can be coupled to another process to do useful work |
| inhibitor | substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst, reducing the amount of functional catalyst available |
| law of disorder | states that processes move in the direction of maximum disorder or randomness |
| Le Châtelier's principle | states that if a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes to relieve the stress; stresses that upset the equilibrium of a chemical system include changes in the concentration of reactants or products, changes in temperature, and changes in pressure |
| non-spontaneous reaction | are reactions that do not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions |
| rate | measures the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time; in chemistry, usually rates of chemical changes are usually expressed as the amount of reaction per unit time |
| reaction mechanism | includes all the elementary reactions of a complete one |
| reversible reactions | reactions that occur in both directions |
| spontaneous reaction | reactions that occur naturally and favor the formation of products at the specified conditions; actually give substantial amounts of products at equilibrium *usually at 20-25°C |
| standard entropy | standard entropy of a solid or liquid at 25°C is designated S⁰ |
| transition state | the activated complex (is sometimes called the transition state, due to very *unstable activated complex) |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.