1.
50 - 70 years old: Develops relationships, at the pinnacle of power in career
2.
70 years - death: Wisdom; where we learn to accept help and body changes
3.
Adolescence: Fidelity and devotion to others - 12 to 18 years
4.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABG's): a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
5.
Autoimmune diseases: failure of immune tolerance; activated T cells and antibodies attack the body's own tissue. IE: rheumatoid arthritis
6.
Blunt trauma: An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities, results from forces such as: deceleration, acceleration, compression, and shearing - they make diagnosis difficult
7.
Central venous catheter: Pediatric patient monitoring by use of a catheter - that is usually inserted into the subclavian or jugular vein, with the distal tip of the catheter resting in the superior vena cava just above the right atrium in older children. In infants or neonates, a cut down approach is used via the external jugular vein. High contamination incidents are why the sapheneous vein is the least used route for procedures in the groin region.
8.
Diabetes mellitus: body cannot produce any or enough insulin or the body is unable to use properly the insulin it does make.
Type I (little or no insulin production)
Type II (different amount of insulin production)
9.
Diabetic infection: In elderly patients, it can lead to extremity amputation to treat out of control rapid spread of affected areas
10.
Early middle age: Stage of productivity - 30 to 50 years
11.
Enterocolitis: inflammation of the small and large intestine
12.
Erikson's psychosocial stages: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-3 years)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)
5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion (12-18 years)
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood: 19-mid 20s)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-Absorbtion (middle age: late 20s-50s)
8. Integrity vs. Dispair (old age: 60s and beyond)
13.
Gastric bypass: Reducing the size of the stomach diverting food into the jejunum (gastrojejunostomy); surgery to promote weight loss for extreme obesity (bariatric surgery). Complications are:
Abdominal catastrophes
Internal hernias
Acute gastric distention
14.
Geriatric patients: defined as elderly patient 65 years +
15.
Golden hour: the 60-minute period after a severe injury; it is the maximum acceptable time between the injury and initiation of surgery for the seriously injured trauma patient.
16.
Heparin: a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibit the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood
17.
Human immunodeficiency virus: the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
18.
Hypervolemic shock: shock due to a rise in the volume of blood in circulation - bradycardia is typically the physiological response in neonates - tachycardia in adults - requires quick blood/fluids infused
19.
Hypothermia: condition in which body temperature is below normal, usually below 95 F (35 C) and often in the range of 78 to 95 F (26 to 35 C)
20.
Immunocompetence: THE DEGREE OF FUNCTION FOR AN IMMUNE SYSTEM THAT IS DESIGNED TO KEEP A PATIENT FROM INFECTION BY PATHOGENS
21.
Infancy: Hope; period of development from: birth to 1 year of age, were bond to mother develops
22.
Intra-arterial measurement: A method of ECG monitoring in which the intra-arterial catheter is inserted directly into the artery
23.
Kaposi's sarcoma: a malignant growth that begins as soft, brownish or purple raise areas on the feet and slowly spreads on the skin, spreading to the lymph nodes and internal organs
24.
Kernicterus: damage to the brain centers of infants caused by increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin, which results in an adverse effect of sulfonamides
25.
Kinematics: The branch of mechanics that studies the motion of a body or a system of bodies without consideration given to its mass or the forces acting on it
26.
Monitoring a pediatric patient: Critical parameters include:
* temperature: heat loss occurs thru radiation, convection, evaporation
* urine output: no catheters used - high risk of trauma to small urethral openings
* cardiac functions: via central venous catheters
* oxygenation: Via Pulse oximetry
27.
Morbid obesity: Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight
28.
MVA: MOTOR VEHICULAR ACCIDENT - the spleen is the most common organ injured in an m.v.a.
29.
Neonate: First 28 days of life outside of the uterus
30.
Obesity: Patient who exceeds 100 pounds over ideal body weight
31.
Pediatric patient: Between birth and 12 years of age - the primary fear of this patient is separation anxiety - that can cause a sense of abandonment - and a close second to that is anesthesia - this can lead to a fear of going to sleep forever
32.
Penetrating trauma: Injury caused by objects, such as knives and bullets, that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs
33.
Peritonitis: an inflammation of the peritoneum - occurs due to intestinal perforation in neonates,
34.
Piaget's cognitive stages: 1. Sensorimotor birth- 2 years
2.Preoperational 2- 6 years
3.Concrete operational 6- 12 years
4. Formal operational 12 + years
35.
Pneumothorax: abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung
36.
Postoperative infection: (occurs 3-6 days after sx) invasion of wound tissues by pathogens;
s/s: warmth, redness, pain, fever, chills, purulent drainage
cause: poor aseptic technique; contaminated wound prior to surgery
Typical sites of infection:
- surgical wound
- urinary tract
- vascular access site
37.
Preschool: Stage of direction, purpose, conscious, morality, and identification concepts form - 3 to 6 years
38.
Pulse oximetry: a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip provides an easy, fast, low cost, and safe means
39.
Reverse Trendelenburg position: The patient lies on his/her back in the supine position. The entire bed is tilted 30 to 40 degrees so the head is higher than the feet; a padded footboard is used to prevent the pt. from sliding toward the tilt. Used for thyroidectomy, laparoscopic gallbladder, biliary tract or stomach procedures
40.
Revised trauma score: SCORE OF INJURY THAT ASSESSES THE SEVERITY OF THE TRAUMA; ASSISTS IN THE TRIAGE PROCESS AND PROVIDES A STANDARDIZED METHOD OF COMMUNICATING BETWEEN FACILITIES IF, FOR INSTANCE, THE PATIENT HAS TO BE TRANSPORTED; INVOLVES THE GLASGOW COMA SCALE AS WELL AS OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS; A SCORING SYSTEM USED TO ASSESS THE SEVERITY OF A TRAUMATIC WOUND AND TO DETERMINE THE CONDITION OF A PATIENT
41.
School age: Stage of competence forms - 6 to 12 years
42.
Septic shock: serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body that are too much for the body to adequately fight the infection - caused by gram-negative bacteria in infants - treat with infusion of colloid solution
43.
Splenectomy: surgical removal of the spleen
44.
Splenomegaly: an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
45.
Toddler: Stage of self control and will power, 1 to 3 years
46.
Torticollis: (wryneck) contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck
47.
Trauma: A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence.
48.
Trauma levels: Level I: Provides the highest level of definitive and comprehensive care for patients with complex injuries. Emergency physicians, nurses and surgeons are immediately available to the trauma patient..
Level II: Provides definitive care for complex and severe trauma patients. Emergency physicians and nurses are in-house and immediately available to the trauma patient to direct patient care and initiate resuscitation and stabilization.
Level III: Provides initial evaluation and stabilization (surgically if appropriate) to the trauma patient. Comprehensive medical and surgical inpatient services are available to those patients who can be maintained in a stable or improving condition without specialized care.
Level IV: Provides initial evaluation, stabilization, diagnostic capabilities and transfer to a higher level of care. May provide surgical and critical care services as defined in the service's scope of trauma care services.
49.
Trendelenburg position: A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head. Also called shock position,l in which the patient is supine on the table or bed, the head of which is tilted downward 30 to 40 degrees, and the table or bed is angled beneath the knees
50.
Urine output: is decreased, rate of output is indicator of the status of a client in shock. A continuation of this indicates renal damage, caused by reduced blood flow to kidneys
51.
Venous compression device: A DIVICE USED FOR PATIENTS WHO ARE PRONE TO THE DEVELOPEMNT OF THROMBOPHLEBITIS; A PATIENT IS FITTED WITH INTERMITTENT VENOUS COMPRESSION BOOTS THAT INFLATE AND DEFLATE EVERY FEW SECONDS TO PROMOTE TEH MOVEMENT OF VENOUS BLOOD IN THE LEGS
52.
Venous cutdown: a small surgical incision to permit access to a collapsed vein.
53.
Young adult: Stage of intimate affiliations and love - 18 to 30 years
