5 Written Questions

1. 1. Chitinous exoskeleton which provides support and protection
   2. Bilateral symmetry
   3. Externally segmented bodies, some tagmosis (segment fusion) - head, thorax, abdomen
   4. Jointed appendages
   5. Cephalization
   6. Hemocoel - major body cavity with blood-filled spaces within the tissues
   7. Dioecious
2. 1. short; smell
   2. long; sensory
   3.claws; defense
   4.Nonsegmented tail region; swimming
   5.Fan-like tail region; swimming
   6.Large; feeding
   7. Small; feeding
   8. Thin, highly vascularized layers of gill tissue
3. 1. Bilateral symmetry
   2. Triploblast
   3. HIghly reduced coelom (surrounds the heart) and hemocoel
   4. Closed circulatory system
   5. Marine
   6. Well developed digestive system with mouth and anus
   7. Respiration via gills
   8. Excretion via kidneys for nitrogenous waste
   9. Move by jet propulsion via siphon
   10. Supported by pen (highly reduced shell) and hydrostatic skeleton
   11. No segmentation
   12. 2 tentacles and 8 arms
   13. Highly cephalized with sensory organs and several well developed ganglia and nerve fibers and lobed brain
4. 1.
   2. Auditory
   3. auditory
5. A taxonomic group containing all the descendants of a common ancestor.

5 Matching Questions

1. Phylum Mollusca
2. 4 Chordate Traits
3. Forebrain Terms
   1. Telencephalon
   2. Cerebrum
   3. Cerebral cortex
   4. Neocortex
   5. Grey matter
   6. Temporal lobe
   7. Limbic system
   8. Fornix
   9. Mammillary bodies
4. Mesenchyme - Platyhelminthes
5. Respiratory Structures
   1. Visceral pericardium
   2. Parietal pericardium

1. a A mesodermal connective tissue which fills the space between the body wall and gut and is reinforced by collagen providing attachment points for muscles. Oxygen, nutrients and waste products diffues through it. Includes two types of cells: fixed cells, some of which have fluid filled vacuoles; and stem cells.
2. b 1. Inner layer of pericardial sac; secretes a lubricating fluid into the pericardial cavity
   2. Fibrous outer layer of pericardial sac
3. c 1. Bilateral symmetry
   2. Coelomates
   3. 2 parts: Head-foot (cephalic, feeding, locomotor structures) and Visceral-mass (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive)
4. d 1. Includes olfactory lobe and cerebrum
   2. Includes cerebral cortex and structures lying beneath it
   3. 2 cerebral hemispheres - frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes; hippocampus and amygdala
   4. Outer most tissue of the cerebral cortex; consists of grey matter; organized into 6 layers of neurons in columns; highly folded; sensory perception, motor commands, high-level brain functions
   5. Neuronal bodies and unmyelinated axons
   6. Includes the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus
   7. Ancient part of the forebrain involved in physiological drives, motivations, instincts and emotions; influences memory formation; regulates autonomic and endocrine output; hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, thalamus, fornix and mammillary bodies
   8. Band of fibers connecting mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus to the hippocampus
   9. Associated with hypothalamus and important in memory formation
5. e 1. Pharyngeal gill slits
   2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
   3. Notochord
   4. Muscular, post-anal tail

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. 1. Locomotion - backwards
   2. Secretes digestive enzymes; ciliated lining
   3. Secrete mucus to protect eggs
   4. Pigment changes; central pigment containing cell surrounded by radial muscles that are controlled by motor neurons in brain
   1. Grasshopper Structures
      1. Gastric caecum
      2. Sensilla
      3. Tympanum
   2. Squid Structures:
      1. Siphon
      2. Cecum
      3. Nidamental glands
      4. Chromatophores
   3. Fetal Pig Structures
      1. Epiglottis
      2. Thymus
      3. Thyroid
      4. Pyloric sphincter
      5. Gastric Rugae
      6. Cecum
      7. Cardiac sphincter
      8. Colon
      9. Gall bladder
      10. Filters blood
      11. Cortex
      12. Medulla
      13. Renal pyramid
      14. renal pelvis
   4. Crayfish Structures
      1. Antennule
      2. Antenna
      3. Chelae
      4. Telson
      5. Uropod
      6. Maxilla
      7. Maxilliped
      8.Lamellae
2. 1. Mouth develops before anus
   2. Cleavage is spiral and determinate
   3. Coelom forms as a splitting of the mesoderm
   4. CNS
   E.g. Arthropods, mollusks, and annelids
   1. Deuterostomes
   2. Protostomes
   3. 4 Tissue Types
   4. Arthropods
3. Accumulation of excess fluid around the heart, putting pressure on the heart and causing it to function poorly; often related to inflammation of the pericardium
   1. Pericardial effusion
   2. Segmentation
   3. Endocrine system
   4. Cranial Nerves
4. 1. conducts urine and sperm
   2. houses and protects testes and epididymis
   3. Produce sperm and make hormones
   4. Sperm cells mature and are stored
   5. conducts sperm from epididymis to urethra
   6. Provides secretion for sperm to produce semen
   7. Conducts urine and sperm to urigenital opening
   8. Fluid exits the penis
   1. Female reproductive organs
      1. Ovary
      2. Oviducts
      3. Uterine horn
      4. Uterus body
      5. Vagina
      6. Urogential sinus
   2. Crayfish Structures
      1. Antennule
      2. Antenna
      3. Chelae
      4. Telson
      5. Uropod
      6. Maxilla
      7. Maxilliped
      8.Lamellae
   3. Male reproductive organs
      1. Urethra
      2. Scrotum
      3. Testes
      4. Epididymis
      5. Ductus deferens
      6. Bulbourethral gland
      7. Penis
      8. Urigenital opening
   4. Earthworm structures
      1. Pharynx
      2. Esophagus
      3. Crop
      4. Gizzard
      5. Intestine
      6. Typhlosole
      7. Prostomium
      8. Clitellum
      9. Longitudinal muscles
      10. Circular muscles
5. Due to hydrostatic pressure, the pumping of the heart extends the foot, while muscles contract it.
   1. Gastrulation
   2. How does a clam's foot function?
   3. Earthworm Reproduction
   4. Pericardial effusion

5 True/False Questions

1. Phylum Cnidaria → E.g. Roundworm (Turbatrix) - Vinegar eels
   1. Triploblast
   2. Fresh water
   3. Coelomate - pseudocoelom
   4. Complete digestive system
   5. Gas exchange via circulatory mediated diffusion
   6. Excretion of nitrogenous waste via diffusion across body wall
   7. Hydrostatic skeleton; undulatory swimming via longitudinal muscles
   8. CNS
   9. Bilateral symmetry

   True        False

2. Phylum Annelida → E.g. Oligocheate (Lumbricus) - Earthworm
   1. Triploblast (ectodermn, endoderm, & mesoderm)
   2. Terrestrial
   3. Coelomate - fluid filled coelomic cavity between body wall and gut tube
   4. Complete digestive system
   5. Gas exchange via circulatory mediated diffusion
   6. Excretion of nitrogenous waste via paired metanephridia in each segment
   7. Hydrostatic skeleton and chitinous setae to move
   8. CNS and cephalization (cerebral ganglion and central nerve cord)
   9. Bilateral symmetry
   10. Cuticle secreted by epithelium
   11. Segmentation internally and externally
   12. Closed, segmented circulatory system
   13. Monoecious (male and female organs in same body)

   True        False

3. Female reproductive organs
   1. Ovary
   2. Oviducts
   3. Uterine horn
   4. Uterus body
   5. Vagina
   6. Urogential sinus → 1. conducts urine and sperm
   2. houses and protects testes and epididymis
   3. Produce sperm and make hormones
   4. Sperm cells mature and are stored
   5. conducts sperm from epididymis to urethra
   6. Provides secretion for sperm to produce semen
   7. Conducts urine and sperm to urigenital opening
   8. Fluid exits the penis

   True        False

4. Squid Reproductive System → Eggs: produced and stored in ovary->body cavity->ciliated oviducal opening of the tubular oviduct
   Sperm: produced in testes->vas deferens->spermatophores in the spermatophoric gland->penis

   True        False

5. Squid Circulatory system → Oxygenated blood->pulmonary veins->left atrium->bicuspid valve->left ventricle->aortic semilunar valve->aorta->body->vena cava->right atrium->tricupsid valve->right ventricle->pulmonary semilunar valve->pulmonary arteries->lungs

   True        False