louaillierc social psych chpt 13
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louaillierc on April 25, 2012
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 person perception | -what kind of impressions do we have of others -how we think affects our impressions of others, our attitudes, and eventually our behavior |
| social cognition | -the study of the mechanisms that form our impressions and attitudes toward people and other objects -the study of how we understand other people's behavior as well as our own |
| perception | -mental grasp of objects through the senses -object of interest in social psych is the person |
| impression formation | what info do we use when making judgments? -appearance (age, gender, ethnicity, attractiveness) -behavior -info from others |
| attribution theory | -attribution is the process we use to explain other people's behavior -examine consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus |
| internal attribution | -the individual, not the situation (perhaps Tom's just a happy person.. perhaps he is a little strange) -personality, attitudes, or traits are driving the behavior -yes no no |
| external attribution | -the situation, not the person (perhaps everyone jumps on Oprah's couch.. perhaps he took meds that make ppl loopy) -the role, situation, or norms are driving the behavior -yes, yes, yes |
| covariation model of attribution | suggests we use information about: consistency distinctiveness consensus -ex. shirt compliment : something about person and situation |
| consistency | how often is this behavior present in the situation? -is Tom always jumping on the couch when he's on her show? |
| distinctiveness | does this behavior occur in other situations? -is he normally quirky? |
| consensus | do other people behave the same way in the same situation? -what are other people doing, do they leap on her couch? |
| fundamental attribution error | -often we don't have time to examine consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus -when it comes to others, we will often think they behaved that way because of who they are, rather than because of the situation they find themselves in -ex. not - oh that poor person must have the sun in their eyes |
| actor/observer effects | -we tend to see different causal explanations for own and other behavior -what are we focusing our attention on?: Self (External reasons - justify our own behavior: see how behavior changes) Other (internal causes of behavior - behavior resulted because of the dispositional characteristics of the other person) -for our own behaviors we are informed by our environment |
| social comparison | (Festinger) -we evaluate ourselves by comparing ourselves to others |
| self-perception process | (Bem) -we observe our own behaviors to infer our internal characteristics |
| reflected appraisal process | -we know ourselves by imagining how other people see us |
| social identity theory | (Tajfel and Turner) Identity based on -personal, individual-level qualities -social groups (school, teams) Self-esteem -need to see self as positive and distinct -achieved by social comparison of relevant identity to an outgroup on valued dimension |
| biases in self-perception | -Self serving attributional bias False consensus effect False uniqueness effect ex. negative traits - everyone procrastinates, but nobody else can do what I do well. -illusion of control -hindsight bias |
| Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model | (Tesser) -focuses on the consequences that another person's success or good performance has on one's own self evaluation -to see ourselves in a positive light ~bask in reflected glory ~use downward social comparison ~the relevance for self-concept drives which process we use |
| persuasion | change in private beliefs and attitudes |
| social influence (ch 14) | -change in behavior, caused by real or perceived pressure -may involve attitude change, but not necessarily! |
| components of attitudes | affect behavior cognitions |
| affect | feelings and emotions elicited by the attitude object |
| behavior | actions and intentions associated with the attitude |
| cognitions | knowledge, beliefs, memories, images about the properties of the attitude object |
| Prejudice | the affect component |
| stereotyping | cognitive component |
| discrimination | behavioral component |
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