Therapy
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Created by:
kbandy on April 25, 2012
Classes:
Psychology, Bandy AP Psychology
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Psychotherapy | Refers to all forms of talk therapy. This is not the same as psychoanalysis, a specific kind of therapy pioneered by Sigmund Freud. |
| Pscyhoanalysis | Therapeutic technique developed by Sigmund Freud. This type of theorists views the cause of disorders as unconscious conflicts. May use free association, dream analysis. |
| Free Association | Used by psychoanalysts to uncover unconscious conflicts. Involves saying whatever comes to mind withouth thinking. Based on the idea that we all constantly censor what we say, thereby allowing us to hide some of our thoughts from ourselves. If we force ourselves to say whatever pops into our minds, we are more likely to reveal clues about what is really bothering us by eluding the ego's defenses. |
| Dream Analysis | Used to uncover unconscious conflicts. Ask their patients to describe their dreams. Since the go's defenses are relaxed during sleep, they hope the dreams will help the therapist see what is at the root of the patient's problem. |
| Manifest Content | Used by psychoanalysts when using dream analysis in order to uncover unconscious conflicts. What a patient reports about a dream. |
| Latent Content | A term used by psychoanalysts when using dream analysis in order to uncover unconscious conflicts. Revealed only as a result of a therapist's interpretive work. |
| Transference | In the course of therapy, patients begin to have strong feelings toward their therapists. |
| Somatic Treatments | Medical treatments for psychological disorders, including drug treatment (psychopharmacology), psychosurgery, and electroconvulsive shock therapy. |
| Psychodynamic Theorists | Psychologists who have been influenced by Freud's work but have significantly modified his original theory. |
| Humanistic Therapies | Focus on helping people to understand and accept themselves, and strive to self-actualize. Assert that if people are supported and helped to recognize their goals, they will move toward self-fulfillment. |
| Carl Rogers (1902-1987) | Created client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy. Hinges on the therapist providing the client with what Rogers termed unconditional positive regard. |
| Client-Centered Therapy (person-centered therapy) | Created by therapist Carl Rogers. Hinges ont eh therapist providing the client with unconditional positive regard. |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | Important element of client-centered therapy developed by Carl Rogers. Blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does. |
| Active Listening (also caleld Reflective listening) | Technique used in non-directive client-centered therapy. Would not tell their clients what to do but, rather, would seek to help the clietns choose a course of action for themselves. |
| Gesalt Therapy | Developed by Fritz Perls. Emphasize the importance of the whole and encourage their clients to get in touch with their whole selves. |
| Existential Therapies | Humanistic therapies that focus on helping clients achieve a subjectively meaningful perception of their lives. See clients' difficulties as caused by the clients having lost or failed to develoop a sense of their lives' purpose. Seek to support clients and help them formulate a vision of their lives as worthwhile. |
| Counterconditioning | A type of behavioral therapy. A kind of classical conditioning developed by Mary Cover Jones in which an unpleasant conditioned response is replaced with a pleasant one. |
| Systematic Desensitization | Type of behavioral therapy. Involves teaching the client to replace the feelings of anxiety with relaxation. Used to treat specific phobias. |
| Anxiety Hierarchy | Part of the process of systematic desensitization. Therapist and client work together to construct an anxiety hierarchy, a rank-ordered list of what the client fears, starting with the least frightening and ending with the most frightening. |
| Flooding | Type of behavioral therapy. Involves having the client address the most frightening scenario first. Produces tremendous anxiety. |
| Aversive Conditioning | Type of behavioral therapy. Pairs a habit a person wished to break with an unpleasant stimulus. |
| Token Economy | Type of behavioral therapy involving operant conditioning. Desired behaviors are identified and rewarded with tokens. The tokens can then be exchanged for various objects of privileges. |
| Cognitive Therapies | Locate the cause of psychological problems in the way people think. Concentrate on changing unhealthy thought patterns. Involves challenging the irrational thinking patterns of patients. |
| Attributional Style | An example of this is attributing failures to internal, global, and permanent aspects of the self. |
| Cognitive Therapy for Depression | Developed by Aaron Beck. Involves trying to get clients to engage in pursuits that will bring them success. This will alleviate the depression while also identifying and challenging the irrational ideas tat cause unhappiness. |
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Combines the ideas and techniques of cognitive and behavioral psychologists. One example is rational emotive behavior therapy, developed by Albert Ellis. Therapists look to expose and confront the dysfunctional thoughts of their clients. |
| Group Therapy | Famiyl therapy is one common use of this. |
| Somatic Therapies | Therapies that produce bodily changes. |
| Psychopharmacology | Using drugs to treat psychological disorders. The most common type of somatic therapy. |
| Antipsychotic Drugs | Type of somatic therapy used to treat schizophrenia. Thorazine or Haldol. Function by blocking the receptor sites for dopamine. |
| Antidepressant Drugs | Somatic therapy used to treat mood disorders. Three most common kinds of drugs used to treat unipolar depression are tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor drugs (SSRIs, most notably Prozac). All tend to increase the activity of serotonin. |
| Antianxiety Drugs | Type of somatic therapy used to treat anxiety disorders. Act by depressing the activity of the central nervous system, making people feel more relaxed. Barbiturates (Miltown) and benzodiazepines (Xanax and Valium). |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | Type of somatic therapy. Electric current is passed through both hemispheres of the brain. |
| Psychosurgery | The most intrusive and rarest form of somatic therapy. |
| Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT or RET) | Cognitive behavioral therapy developed by Albert Ellis. Therapists look to expose and confront the dysfunctional thoughts of their clients. |
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