1.
Accomplishments of Mayans: A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E.
2.
Accomplishments of the Mound Builders: sustained some large settlements after the incorporation of corn planting into their way of life during the first millennium, declined around 1300
3.
aqueduct: a structure that carries water over long distances.
4.
caliph: a Muslim ruler
5.
caravan: a group of traders traveling together
6.
Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire: Weak and bad rulers, paid army that would switch sides, Empire had grown too big to control. Serious economic problems (no jobs, high taxes).
7.
census: an official count of people living in a place
8.
circus: an arena in ancient Rome; also the show held there
9.
city-state: city that has its own independent government and often controls much of the surrounding land
10.
clergy: persons with authority to perform religious services
11.
consul: One of two officials who led the ancient Roman Republic.
12.
contributions of ancient Rome: 1.Architectural styles (arches and columns, domes, sculptures, frescoes, mosaics) 2.Concrete/mortar/cement
3.Efficient highway system (still followed today by modern roads)
4. Aqueducts and viaducts (the world's first bridges to cross valleys)
5. Roman alphabet (the world's most widespread writing system)
6.The Julian Calendar (including current names of the months)
13.
contributions of Muslim culture to the world: Medical advancements, algebra, advancement in astrology, the astrolabe, trigonometry, calligraphy, contribution to poetry, and architecture
14.
dictator: a ruler who has total control of the government.
15.
epistle: a letter; in the Christian Bible, any of the letters written by disciples to Christian groups
16.
gladiator: in ancient Rome, a person who fought to the death in an arena for the entertainment of the public; usually a slave
17.
hieroglyphics: a kind of picture writing in which some pictures stand for ideas or things and others stand for sounds; the written signs and symbols used by the Egyptians, the Mayan people, and other groups
18.
Importance of East African city-states: Served as connection points between Africa and other cultures
19.
inflation: an economic situation in which there is more money with less value
20.
kiva: a round room used by the Pueblo people for religious ceremonies
21.
maize: corn
22.
martyr: a person who dies for a cause in which he or she believes
23.
mosque: a Muslim house of worship
24.
nomads: a person with no permanent home who moves from place to place in search of food, water , or pasture
25.
oral history: accounts of the past that people pass down by word of mouth
26.
Patrician: a member of a wealthy, upper-class family in the Roman Republic
27.
plebeian: an ordinary citizen in the ancient Roman Republic
28.
province: a unit of an empire; in the Roman Empire, each one having a governor supported by an army
29.
pueblos: a cluster of Native American stone or adobe dwellings
30.
quipu: a group of knotted strings used by the Mayas to record information
31.
schism: a split, particularly in a church or religion
32.
serf: a farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked
33.
Swahili: A Bantu language with Arabic words, spoken along the East African coast
34.
villa: a country estate usually owned by a wealthy family; an important source of food and wealth for ancient Rome
35.
Woodland Native Americans: Developed Iroquois League. Peace alliance Each , A political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations that made decisions concerning war and peace
