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A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height. Air Mass Name the 4 major types of air masses in North America Maritime tropical, Maritime polar, Continental tropical, Continental polar In the U.S. how do air masses commonly move? Prevailing Westerlies and Jet Streams The boundary where air masses meet. Front Name the four types of fronts. Cold fronts, Warm fronts, Stationary fronts and Occluded fronts A swirling center of low air pressure. Cyclone High-pressure centers of dry air. Anticyclones A violent disturbance in the atmosphere. Storm A small storm that form in large cumulonimbus clouds often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning. Thunderstorm A sudden spark, or electrical discharge that jump between clouds or clouds and the ground. Lightning A sudden violent flood that occurs shortly after a storm. Flash flood A rapidly whirling funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch Earth's surface. Tornado What is the safest place to be during a tornado? Storm shelter or basement A tropical cyclone that has winds of 119 kilometers per hour or higher. Hurricane Where do hurricanes form? Over warm ocean water as a low pressure system or tropical disturbance. A dome of water that sweeps across the coast where the hurricane lands. Storm Surge To move away temporarily. Evacuate How does precipitation fall when air is colder than zero all the way to the ground. Snow When cold, dry air mass from Canda moves across the Great Lakes and picks up water vapor and heat from the lakes it is called. Lake Effect Snow What do you do if caught in a snowstorm? Find shelter from the wind and make sure body parts are covered and dry. tornado watch announcement that tornadoes are possible tornado warning announcement a tornado has been seen water spout if a tornado forms over water called a waterspout, only last about 15 minutes but reach 500 km/hr typhoon a hurricane in the pacific ocean is called a typohone meteorolgist a scientist who studies the causes of weather and try to predict it, they use maps, charts and computers to analyze data cumulus clouds usually form on warm afternoons cirus clouds if you see them a warm front may be approaching weather balloon a balloon which carries instruments high into the troposphere and lower stratosphere weather satellites first one Tiros-lin 1960 gather data on temp, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed and direction automated weather stations surface location. national weather service has established 1700 observation sites computer forecasts gather information from various weather stations, used for 12, 24, 36 hour weather reports isobars are lines joining places on the map that have the same pressure isotherms lines joining places that have the same temperature what color represents a warm front? red what color represents a cold front? blue what color represents a stationary front red/blue what color represents an occluded front purple warm front a warm air mass over takes a cold air mass cold front cold air comes to warm air stationary front cold and warm air masses meet neither of them move ocluded front warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses Coriollis effect winds in northern hemisphere are switched in the southern hemisphere due to this effect what are problems thunderstorms can create? They can cause forest fires and floods who is dr. T. Theodore Fujita? He devised the Fujita scale f-0 to f-5, depending on the amount of damage it causes during a tornado,luckily only 1percent of tornadoes are f-4 or f-5 what are 2 snowiest cities in America Rochester and Buffalo what are four types of air masses? Tropical(warm, low pressure), polar(cold, high pressure), maritime(form over oceans, humid), continental(forms over land, dry) tornado alley where tornadoes most often occur in the USA, warm humid air mass moves from gulf of mexico, cold dry air mass moves down from canada, usually in spring, early summer