| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What is a republic? | Form of government (democracy) in which representatives are elected to run the country. |
| When did Italy become a republic? | June 2, 1946 (When war was officially over) |
| Who is the prime minister of Italy? | Silvio Berlusconi |
| When did Italy become independant? | 1861 when King Victor Emmanuel united the regional states of the peninsula |
| How many people are there in Italy? | Around 58 million people |
| Define homogeneous | Not diverse (Italy) |
| Define heterogeneous | Diverse ethical groups |
| Explain mediterranean climate. | Moderate and mild in south, hot and dry in summer, mild and wet in winters |
| Explain alpine climate. | cooler, north, very cold (especially in winter!) |
| Who was Benito Musselini? | Dictator who allied with hitler; founded Fascist Party |
| When did Benito Musselini rule? (From ___ - ___) | 1922-1943 |
| What is benito musselini known as? | "il duce" (Leader) |
| Define fascism. | Form of government that involves government control. (It uses force and censorship) |
| Are there nuclear weapons in Italy? (THINK CAREFULLY) | NO! They have an organization against them! |
| What are 6 major problems that Italy is facing today? | Illegal immigration, organized crime, high unemployment, sluggish economic growth, pollution, low birth rate |
| What was Magna Graecia called by the Romans? What did many Greeks use the location for? Who was it heavily settled by? | Great Greece; resources; Greece |
| What river was Rome on? (surround by ___) | Tiber River; 7 hills |
| What did the Italian Peninsula do to get food? (Did they have many or few "good" harbors?) | They relied on farming because they had few "good" harbors |
| Is Greece a peninsula? | Yes |
| Describe the physical features of Greece. | Bad farming (soil), divided up by mountains, used islands and trashed by sea. |
| Name 3 facts about the Tiber River. | One of the biggest rivers in world. Can control trade on it due to the fact that it's located far enough from the sea to be safe from raiders, yet near enough to be in communication with other people. Low water level. |
| Where did the Greeks settle? (north, south, east, or west?) | South |
| Who were 2 of the legendary founders of Rome (Describe the legend) | Romulus and Remus; Romulus stabbed Remus and named Rome after himself |
| Who is Mars? (NOT the planet to all of you C- students!) | God of war and father of Romulus and Remus |
| (True) founders of Rome? | Latins |
| Where & when did the true founders of Rome find it? | Settled south of the Tiber River in 750 B.C. |
| Did Latins keep written records? | No |
| Why were latins called latins? | They were on the plains of latium- "men of wide plain" |
| Describe etruscan civilization. (Strong military? What type of gov? Is it strong? Written or implied records? Skilled or unskilled metal workers? When were they?) | Strong military, strong monarchy, written language and records, skilled metal workers. (In 600 b.c) |
| The Etruscans had strong weapons and tools which helped them do what? | Drain marshes, build roads, and help make Rome a more livable place |
| What was a tremendous cultural influence? | Magna Graecia |
| Define triumph. | Victory parade |
| Define hubris. | Being too conceited, exectuive pride; thinking you're like a g-d. |
| Who did the Romans learn from and adopt many things from? | Etruscans |
| Rome was ruled by etruscan kings until __. (what happened? and when?) | They didn't have a strong king, so in 509 B.C. they kicked him out and got a republic. |
| Who was democracy first created by? | Greeks |
| What kind of democracy did greeks have? | Direct democracy |
| What is direct democracy? | When something or someone is elected directly by all the people, for everything |
| What city elects a republic (representative democracy)? | Rome |
| Describe requirements and details of the roman senate. | 300 senators (served for life). Generally wealthy families and older people. |
| What are the senates 4 powers; what do they all have to do with? | Control public funds; decide foreign policies; they could propose that a citizen should be a dictator (in times of emergency. NOTE: only lasted for 6 months); acted as a court; (making laws) |
| What five powers do popular assemblies have? | They can vote on laws, elect officials, vote to make war and peace, serve as courts, or veto the senate and all other officials. |
| What is the most important power than an assembly has? | The power to veto the senate and all other officials. |
| How many tribunes are elected? | 10 |
| How many consuls are there? How many years are they in office for? | 2; in office for 1 year |
| What are the powers of the consuls? | They run the government, command the army, appoint dictators, and can veto (refuse) the acts of other consuls |
| What are censors? What did they do? | Surveys that register citizens according to their wealth (used to know how much to charge for taxes). Appointed candidates to the senate and oversaw the conduct of all citizens. |
| What is a census? | Population count (randomly chosen people) |
| Explain patricians in detail. | Powerful people who controlled the government. Generally nobility (upper class), land owners, and always the minority. They obtained the land by inherriting it. (NOTE: Not all patricians are wealthy.) |
| Explain plebeians in detail. | Farmers, blacksmith, and workers. (Majority) |
| What are some of the rights of the plebeians? (Originally) | They could vote but not hold office, could not inter-marry and could not join army. (They had few rights) |
| What kind of change did the plebeians want? | They wanted social change becuase of all of their many disadvantages and no privileges. Unfortunately, they had no power to change it. |
| If someone breaks a law, who rules the government and courts (plebeians or patricians)? | Patricians (so plebeians don't have such a great chance of winning) |
| What did the laws written by the patricians for the plebeians say? | Plebeians could hold office, join army, and get land |
| Did the people in the government get paid? | No, they didnt get paid :( |
| Could both the poor and wealthy hold office? | No; only the wealthy were allowed. |
| What is the name of the northern mountains that border italy? | Alps |
| What is the name of the mountains that border Italy on the east coast? | Apennines |
| What was the major advantage of the Apennine Mountains? | They could see invaders. |
| Which sea borders Italy's west coast? | Tyrrhenian Sea |
| Which sea borders south of Italy? | Ionian Sea |
| Which sea border's Italy's east coast? | Adriatic Sea |
| What river divided Rome in half? | Tiber River |
| Was the Tiber River deep or shallow? | Shallow |
| What adjective (other than shallow) best describes the Tiber River? | Marshy |
| What major problem brought disease to Rome? | The marshy Tiber River attracted bugs that brought malaria or other diseases |
| What three branches made up the Roman republic? | Senate, magistrates, and popular assembies |
| Define praetors | elected Roman officials who helped the consuls |
| Where did the Etruscans settle? | North of the Tiber River |
| What class was everyone originally from? | Patricians |
| Who were the tribunes created by? | The plebeians |
| What is a magistrate? | Public official |
| What powers did praetors have? | Oversaw legal system during times of peace, and during times of war helped command the army |
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