Chapter 30: The West at the Dawn of the 21st Century
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Created by:
idesperatelyneedtostudy on April 25, 2012
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AP European History 2012-2013, AP. European History
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Americanization | The spread of American values, practices, popular culture, and way of life on European culture due to influences such as the Marshall Plan, the leadership of NATO, the stationing of huge military bases, student exchanges, popular culture and tourism. Refers to economic and military influences. |
| Arab Oil Embargo (1973 -4) | From this, Europeans conclude that natural resources are finite an that the Arab countries with oil could be dangerous. |
| Simone de Beauvoir | Wrote "The Second Sex" in which she explored the difference being a women made her life. Argued that women experience social and economic disadvantages. |
| Benelux Countries | These countries of Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg form the European Coal and Steel Community with France, Germany and Italy. This was the first effort toward economic cooperation. |
| Chernobyl (1986) | The nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union that suffered two large explosions which released massive amounts of radioactive materials. After this incident, government began to question whether the environment and people could be protected from nuclear catastrophes. |
| Christian Democratic Parties | Was a major feature in postwar policies after WWII. Largely Roman Catholic. Welcomed non-Catholics, and advocated democracy, economic and anticommunism. |
| Common Market (European Economic Community) (EEC) (1957-1993) | Created from the six members of the Coal and Steel Community who signed the Treaty of Rome. Sought to achieve the eventual elimination of tariffs, a free flow of capital and labor, and similar wage and social benefits in all their countries. Was very successful (tariffs abolished; trade and labor migration grew), to point where other countries sought to join or copy its policies. Was a reaction against the influence of the US and USSR. |
| Conservative Party (Britain) | Led by Margaret Thatcher, they were determined to roll back many of the socialist policies that Britain had enacted since the war. |
| Charles de Gaulle | When Britain tries to join the EEC, he vetoes British membership and claimed that Britain was too closely tied to the United States to support the EEC wholeheartedly. |
| Euro (1999-) | introduced to Europe by the Treaty of Maastricht |
| Existentialism | Defined European culture in the 20th century. The idea that human beings simply exist, have no higher purpose, and must exist and choose their actions for themselves. Badly divided faction. Was a revolt against reason. |
| Green Party (Germany) | Began as a movement of radical student groups in Western Germany. Developed into a political party concerned with the environment. Anticapitalist, blamed business and pollution. Avoided violence and mass demonstrations. |
| Pope Paul VI | Successor to Pope John XXIII, led the 21st Ecumenical Council, and also appointed several cardinals from the former colonial nations, transforming the church into a world body. However liberal the changes he introduced into the Church were, he still upheld the celibacy of priests, non-allowance of contraception and abortion, and opposed opening the priesthood to women. |
| Jean Paul Sartre | French philosopher and existentialist that continued to believe in the Soviet Union during and after WWII. |
| Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) (1959-65) | Was the name of the 21st ecumenical council. |
| Margaret Thatcher | First female prime minister of Brtain and leader of the Conservative Party. Tried to curb the growth of social service programs and the power of trade union. Her ministry also began the process of privatization, selling off previously nationalized industries. |
| Treaty of Maastricht (1991) | Led to a unified EEC currency, the Euro, and a strong central bank. Was rejected by Denmark; thus needing for support. |
| Treaty of Rome (1957) | Under this treaty, the members of the Coal and Steel Community agree to form a new organization, the European Economic Community. |
| Twenty-first Ecumenical Council (1959-1965) | Was summoned by Pope John XXIII in 1959. Its first council was called in the fourth century by Emperor Constantine. Would later be called Vatican II. |
| existentialism | All of the following European intellectuals are identified with the movement known as _______________: 1. Albert Camus 2. Martin Heidegger 3. Karl Jaspers 4. Jean-Paul Sartre |
| Jean-Paul Sartre | _______________ said, "Existence precedes essence". |
| 75 | By the end of the century, at least __% of Western European population lived in cities. |
| 500,000 | Between 1945 and 1960, approximately ___________ Europeans left Europe annually. |
| Muslims | The growing presence of _______ has produced ethnic and political tensions in some Western European countries. |
| social welfare | The decision of the United States to fund and staff NATO would cause Western European governments to spend more on __________ in the second half of the 20th century. |
| Germany, Great Britain | Before World War II, except in Scandinavia, the two basic models for social service legislation were ________ and _________. |
| computer | The single most important technological advancement of the 20th century that can be attributed to the US is the __________. |
| Vietnam | Student uprisings peaked in 1968 when American students demonstrated against US involvement in ______. France and Czechoslovakia also had protests the same year. |
| Christian churches | __________ in Europe have raised critical questions about the following contemporary issues: 1. colonialism 2. human rights 3. nuclear weapons 4. the environment |
| Karl Barth, neo-Orthodoxy | The most important Christian response to WWI appeared in the theology of _________. His theology came to be known as ___________. |
| Pope Paul VI | Under ___________, the 21st Ecumenical Council made the following changes to Catholic liturgy: 1. fostered a new spirit toward Judaism 2. encouraged freer relations with other Christian denominations 3. mass would be celebrated in the vernacular 4. more power given to bishops |
| Second Vatican Council | Since the _____________ completed its work in 1965, the Catholic Church has embraced Ecumenicism, which emphasizes tolerance among Christians. |
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