review exam 3
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60 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 in transamination the amino group of an amino acid istransferred to a keto acid absorbed by water converted to urea all of these | a |
| lacteals carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system increase surface area secrete digestive enzymes all of these | a |
| which of the following is secretd in an inactive form lipase amylase pepsin all | c |
| in the electron transport chain oxidative phosphorylation leads to ATP synthesis NADH and FADH donate hydrogen atoms and electrons cytochromes progressively go through oxidation-reduction alll | d |
| the final electron acceptor of oxidative phosphoyrlation is oxygen NAD cytochrome C hydrogen | a |
| glycolysis occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria divides glucose into 2 pyruvic acids 3 carbon molecules requires o2 all | b |
| enzymes secreted by the small intestine include the secretin cholecystokinin disaccharides all | c |
| stimulates release of bicarbonate a)gastrin b)secretin c)cholecystokinin | b |
| the bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to bone called dentin enamel pulp cementum | a |
| The urinary system regulates blood volume and pressure by ANSWER: releasing erythropoietin. adjusting the volume of water lost in urine. releasing renin. regulating NaCl levels in the blood. all | e |
| The vitamin that is part of the coenzyme NAD is folic acid (folate). niacin. riboflavin. thiamine. cobalamin | b |
| All of the following are true of beta-oxidation, except that ANSWER: it occurs in the mitochondria. it yields large amounts of ATP. it requires coenzyme A, NAD, and FAD. fatty acids break down into two-carbon fragments that enter the TCA cycle. ipids are converted into glycogen molecules | e |
| Which of these descriptions best matches the term cholecystokinin (CCK)? ANSWER: causes gallbladder to contract stimulates gastric secretion stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid carries absorbed sugars and amino acids where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum | a |
| The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is ANSWER: secretin. cholecystokinin. gastrin. enterocrinin. GIP | a |
| The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is ANSWER: secretin. cholecystokinin. gastrin. enterocrinin. GIP | a |
| What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? ANSWER: greater omentum falciform ligament mesentery proper diaphragm lesser omentum | e |
| he lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the ANSWER: mucosa. muscularis mucosa. adventitia. serosa. submucosa | a |
| In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid ANSWER: rich in bicarbonate ion. rich in enzymes. rich in bile. rich in mucus. that contains only amylase | a |
| During quiet breathing, ANSWER: inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive. only the internal intercostal muscles contract. inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions. inspiration is passive and expiration involves muscular contractions. inspiration and expiration are both passive. | a |
| Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? ANSWER: decreased ph decreased temperature decreased amounts of DPG increased tissue All of the answers are correct | a |
| Breathing that involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements is called ANSWER: hyperpnea. eupnea. costal breathing. shallow breathing. diaphragmatic breathing | a |
| Carbonic anhydrase ANSWER: can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. is in RBCs. is an enzyme. can decrease the amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma. All of the answers are correct | e |
| 6) The beginning and end of the digestive tract is lined by A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. B) cuboidal epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) simple epithelium. E) simple columnar epithelium. | c |
| The movement of nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract is called A) ingestion. B) mechanical digestion. C) compaction. D) absorption. E) all of the above | e |
| The layer of the digestive wall immediately beneath the epithelium is the A) lamina propria. B) submucosa. C) muscularis. D) serosa. E) adventitia | a |
| 20) ________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Five | c |
| 21) The ________ gland empties into the upper regions of the oral cavity. A) submaxillary B) submandibular C) parotid D) sublingual E) vestibular | c |
| 23) The portion of a tooth that is similar to bone and is living tissue is A) enamel. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) periodontium. | c |
| 26) Secretions from the salivary glands A) are mostly digestive enzymes. B) help to control bacterial populations in the mouth. C) help to lubricate the oral cavity and its contents. D) B and C only E) all of the above | d |
| 41) The portion of the stomach that lies in contact with the diaphragm is the A) cardia. B) pylorus. C) fundus. D) antrum. E) body. | c |
| 42) The first portion of the stomach that food enters is the A) body. B) antrum. C) pylorus. D) cardia. E) fundus. | d |
| 44) The lesser omentum is A) a major portion of the stomach. B) attached to the stomach at the greater curvature. C) important in the digestion of fats. D) a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. E) a sheet of connective tissue that attaches the stomach to the liver and pancreas. | e |
| 46) During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A) the stomach responds to distention. B) secretin inhibits parietal and chief cell action. C) there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach. D) the intestine reflex inhibits gastric emptying. E) production of gastric juice slows down. | c |
| 47) The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by A) the sight, thought, or smell of food. B) the entry of food into the stomach. C) the entry of chyme into the small intestine. D) the entry of chyme into the large intestine. E) the release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. | b |
| 48) Which of the following foods will spend the most time in the stomach? A) rice B) pasta C) salad D) steak E) cake | d |
| 49) Which of the following is a function of HCl in the stomach? A) denaturing proteins B) destroying bacteria C) activating pepsinogen D) all of the above E) none of the above | d |
| 52) Modification of the submucosa of the small intestine that allow for expansion of the organ are the A) flat surfaces. B) mucus glands. C) ciliated columnar cells. D) plicae. E) muscularis smooth muscle. | d |
| 55) Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of A) fats and protein in the duodenum. B) acid in the stomach. C) protein in the stomach. D) fats in the stomach. E) acid in the duodenum. | a |
| 56) Plicae and intestinal villi A) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. B) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. C) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. D) secrete digestive enzymes. E) produce hormones. | a |
| 60) The portion of the small intestine that performs most absorption is the A) ileum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) pylorus. E) cecum. | c |
| 61) The longest portion of the small intestine is the A) cecum. B) appendix. C) ileum. D) jejunum. E) duodenum. | c |
| 62) An enzyme that will digest proteins into polypeptides is A) lipase. B) amylase. C) nuclease. D) maltase. E) trypsin. | e |
| 64) The hormone secretin functions to A) convert trypsinogen into trypsin. B) activate chymotrypsin. C) stimulate the release of bicarbonate from the pancreas. D) stimulate the release of enzymes from the pancreas. E) all of the above | c |
| 66) The liver functions to A) form glucose from noncarbohydrates. B) store vitamins. C) destroy damaged RBC. D) produce bile. E) all of the above | e |
| 67) A characteristic common of all protein-digesting enzymes is A) secretion by the pancreas. B) activation by HCl. C) secretion in an inactive form. D) stimulation by enterokinase. E) none of the above | c |
| 68) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion is A) enterocrinin. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin. | b |
| 69) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gall bladder to release bile is A) enterokinase. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin D) GIP. E) gastrin. | c |
| 70) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is A) enterocrinin B) enterokinase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) GIP. | e |
| 71) The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five | d |
| 72) The fusion of the hepatic duct with the cystic duct forms the A) hepatic portal vein. B) porta hepatis. C) common bile duct. D) common pancreatic duct. E) bile canaliculus. | c |
| he basic functional units of the liver are the A) hepatocytes. B) liver cells. C) lobules. D) portal areas. E) bile canaliculi. | c |
| Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with A) protein digestion. B) fat digestion. C) digestion of disaccharides. D) digestion of complex carbohydrates. E) digestion of vitamins. | b |
| Which of the following stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas? A) GIP B) CCK C) secretin D) gastrin E) pepsin | a |
| Bile salts are responsible for the digestion and absorption of A) fats. B) proteins. C) carbohydrates D) minerals. E) vitamins. Answer: A | a |
| A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would affect A) the amount of bile produced by the liver. B) the composition of pancreatic secretions. C) the level of intestinal gastrin. D) secretions of the duodenal glands. E) all of the above | b |
| 92) Nutrients generally absorbed by the large intestine are A) electrolytes. B) water. C) fats. D) proteins. E) both A and B | e |
| A small, semisolid mass of food that is the result of proper chewing is called a(n) _________________________. | bolus |
| Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of _________________________ | B12 |
| most digestion takes place in the __________ | small intestine |
| _________________________ helps to regulate the pH of pancreatic secretions. | bicarbonate |
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