Human Geography: Chapter 9
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Created by:
sarahvillarreal on April 26, 2012
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Chapter 9: The Politics of Territory and Space
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 bioterrorism | deliberate use of microorganisms or toxins from living organisms to induce death or disease. |
| centrifugal forces | forces that divide or tend to pull the state apart. |
| centripetal forces | forces that strengthen and unify the state. |
| children's rights | the fundamental right of children to life, liberty, education, and health care codified by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989. |
| citizenship | a category of belonging to a nation-state that includes civil, political, and social rights. |
| confederation | a group of states united for a common purpose. |
| decolonization | the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory. |
| discourse | institutionalized ways of constituting knowledge. |
| democratic rule | a system in which public policies and officials are directly chosen by popular vote. |
| domino theory | the theory that if one country in a region chooses or is forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to communism. |
| East/West divide | communist and noncommunist countries, respectively. |
| federal state | form of government in which power is allocated to units of local government within the country. |
| geopolitics | state's power to control space or territory and shape the foreign policy of individual states and international political relations. |
| gerrymandering | practice of redistricting for partisan purposes. |
| global civil society | set of institutions, organizations, and behaviors situated between the state, business world, and family including voluntary and non-profit organizations, philanthropic institutions, and social and political movements. |
| human rights | people's individual rights to justice, freedom, and equality, considered by most societies to belong automatically to all people. |
| international organization | group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other. |
| international regime | orientation of contemporary politics around the international arena instead of the national. |
| intifada | uprising against Israel by the Palestinian people. |
| nation | group of people often sharing common elements of culture, such as religion or language or a history or political identity. |
| nation-state | ideal form consisting of a homogeneous group of people governed by their own state. |
| nationalism | feeling of belonging to a nation as well as the belief that a nation has a natural right to determine its own affairs. |
| new world order | triumph of capitalism over communism, wherein the United States becomes the world's only superpower and therefore its policing force. |
| North/South divide | differentiation made between the colonizing states of the Northern Hemisphere and the formerly colonized states of the Southern Hemisphere. |
| Orientalism | discourse that positions the West as culturally superior to the East. |
| reapportionment | process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas. |
| redistricting | defining and redefining of territorial district boundaries. |
| regionalism | feeling of collective identity based on a population's politico-territorial identification within a state or across state boundaries. |
| sectionalism | extreme devotion to local interests and customs. |
| self-determination | right of a group with a distinctive politico-territorial identity to determine its own destiny, at least in part, through the control of its own territory. |
| sovereignty | exercise of state power over people and territory, recognized by other states and codified by international law. |
| supranational organization | collections of individual states with a common goal that may be economic and/or political in nature. |
| territorial organization | system of government formally structured by area, not by social groups. |
| territory | delimited area over which a state exercises control and which is recognized by other states. |
| terrorism | threat or use of force to bring about political change. |
| unitary state | form of government in which power is concentrated in the central government. |
| Zionism | movement for the establishment of a legally recognized home in Palestine for the Jewish people. |
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