Ch. 3 Genetics: The Science of Heredity
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Created by:
sandrajill on April 27, 2012
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heredity | the passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring |
| trait | a form of a characteristic, like height or seed color |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | a new organism begins to form when a egg and sperm join |
| purebred | organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait |
| gene | factors that control a trait |
| alleles | different forms of a gene |
| dominant allele | one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| recessive allele | is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |
| hybrid | organism has two different alleles for a trait |
| probability | is a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| Punnett square | a chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| phenotype | an organisms physical appearance or visible traits |
| genotype | an organisms genetic makeup or allele combinations |
| homozygous | an organism with two identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| codominance | the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive so both are expressed in the offspring |
| meiosis | the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells- sperm and egg |
| messenger RNA | copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm |
| transfer RNA | carries amino acids to the ribosomes and adds them to the growing protein |
| chromosome theory of inheritance | genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes |
| protein synthesis | the cell uses information from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein |
| DNA molecule | adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) |
| RNA molecule | adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), uracil (U) |
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