Intro to Antimicrobials
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Created by:
Tiggersk82 on April 27, 2012
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Exam 3
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 MIC | minimal inhibitory concentration to stop growth in 24 hours |
| empiric treatment | start treatment before exact organism is discovered based upon most likely organism |
| definitive treatment | know exact organism tailor treatment to that organism susceptibility test |
| classification of antibiotics | inhibitors of cell wall synthesis agents that alter cell membrane permeability inhibitors of protein synthesis inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors of essential metabolic steps |
| inhibitors of cell wall synthesis | penicillins cephalosporins carbapenems vancomycin |
| agents that alter cell wall permeability | polymixins |
| inhibitors of protein synthesis | aminoglycosides tetracyclines azithromycin clindamycin |
| inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis | rifampin quinolones |
| inhibitors of essential metabolic steps | sulfonamides trimethoprim |
| mechanisms of acquired resistance | mutation transduction (phage) conjugation (transfer of two genes from one bacterium to another) transformation (uptake of naked DNA) transposition (transposon) |
| transduction | injection of new DNA by phage |
| conjugation | transfer of two genes from one bacterium to another |
| transformation | uptake of naked DNA |
| transposition | transposon |
| types of resistance | enzymes that destroy drugs changes in permeability to drugs altered structural target for drug altered metabolic path to bypass step inhibited by drug |
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