Section 3- All Study Sheets
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106 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sit | woman/lady; name of god Isis |
| Hemet | wife |
| Nebet per | Lady of the House |
| Mut | mother |
| Hebsut | concubine |
| Isis | archetypal mother figure from Osiris myth |
| Hathor | cow-headed goddess of fertility, childbirth, sexuality, "good woman" |
| Sekhmet | fierce lioness opposite of Hathor, vicious, unpredictable, "bad woman" |
| Taweret | pregnant hippo crocodile, "great swollen one"/"great she-one" |
| Bes | dwarf deity, protective god of household |
| Priestess | few female priests, some for Hathor and God's Wife of Amun (NK) |
| Musician | depicted/employed in temples |
| Female instrument | sistrum |
| Weaver | exclusive job of women |
| Washerwoman | wealthy women had laundry done by others |
| Professional mourner | women paid to cry at funerals |
| Wetnurse | in place of bottle-feeding |
| Female land ownership | women kept property/estate in marriage |
| Marriage ceremony | no formal marriage ceremony |
| Marriage contracts | after 700 BC, detailed economic/divorce arrangements |
| Pregnancy and Childbirth | spells/techniques to ensure health |
| Lahun Papyrus, ca. 1700 BC | described pregnancy/gender test |
| Pregnancy/Gender Test | Wheat sprouts grow for girl, barley for boy |
| Isis-Knot | Red-colored cloth knot called the tjet-knot, tampon to prevent bleeding and miscarriage |
| Birth bricks | tool for squatting during birth |
| Meskhenet | goddess of birth brick, brick with human head |
| Medet Nefert | "fine speech" or literature |
| Duakhety and Chester Beatty IV | Examples of fine literature (2) |
| Languages | Old Egyptian, Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian, Demotic |
| Literary Late Egyptian | NK language blending middle and Late Egyptian |
| Autobiographies | Formal literary compositions in tombs recounting the career accomplishments of officials, maat theme |
| Wisdom Literature | A sage or older individual (sometimes king) imparts wisdom via narrative |
| Sebayet | wisdom text |
| Pessimistic Texts/Lamentations | propagandist, shows importance of maat via contrast |
| Fairy Tales | middle kingdom fictional stories based off history |
| Love Poems/Songs | erotic/romantic lyrics of women and love |
| Songs and Hymns | usually focus on gods or kings |
| Religious literature | outside of funerary texts, also myths of gods |
| Official Narratives/Monumental Historical Texts | achievements of pharaohs on behalf of maat and Egypt |
| Heka | "Magic", son/ba-spirit of Re |
| Akhu | "Spells", magical power associated with divine connections of the reborn dead in the duat |
| Bau | "Divine manifestation" or power associated with both humans and deities |
| Natural Magic | Use of natural cosmic forces such as astreal/celestial or earth energy to influence one's immediate surrounding |
| Demonic Magic | Use of rituals and spells to tap into powers of supernatural beings (gods, demons, spirits, the dead) |
| Sympathetic Magic | Use of divine symbols to transfer aspects of religious myths and divine powers to human experience |
| Apotropaic Magic | Use of objects (amulets), symbols, and rituals to ward off evil forces |
| Apophis | archenemy of the sun god, manifestation of chaos/isfet |
| Prophylactic Magic | Preventative magical practices to establish a protective boundary against evil or destructive forces (demons, disease, etc.) |
| Bes | protective "bearded lion-dwarf" connected with domestic magic and apotropaic symbolism |
| Bes-Pantheos | "Bes of all the gods" |
| Pantheistic deity | combining creative protective attributes into a single magical deity |
| Tutu | Sphinx-griffin god of Greco-Roman period "The one who keeps enemies at a distance" |
| Lector Priest | Educated "reading" priests who were versed in temple rituals and use of temple libraries |
| Temple libraries | Like the "house of life," temple repositories of religious and magical texts |
| Sem-Priest | Form of priest commonly associated with the use of the leopard skin cloak, related to shamanism |
| Shamans | individuals who take on animal attributes and can communicate with the supernatural world |
| King Cheops and the Magicians | Story of the wonders and magic performed by magicians told to pharaoh Cheops/Khufu by his sons |
| The Romance of Setna-Khaemwas | series of stories of the magical adventures of the "archaeologist prince" Khaemwas (son of Ramses II) (Popular in Late and Greco-Roman period) |
| Nubia (location) | Nile lands south of Egypt (between modern Aswan and Khartoum, capital of Sudan) |
| Nubia cataracts | 1-6 |
| Egyptian Nubia | lower Nubia |
| Sudanese Nubia | upper Nubia |
| Lower Nubia Egyptian Name | Wawat |
| Upper Nubia Egyptian Name | Kush |
| Enemy Nubia Name | Wretched Kush |
| Nile Bank Nubia Cultures | Nilotic Nubians |
| A-Group Culture (dates) | 3600-3000 BC |
| A-Group Culture (info) | Late neolithic culture of Lower Nubia that developed with late Predynastic/Protodynastic Egypt |
| A-Group Culture (end) | Dynasty 1 |
| C-Group Culture (dates) | 2200-1500 BC |
| C-Group Culture (info) | Culture of Lower Nubia the develops at end of the Old Kingdom and continues to evolve until NK invasion of Nubia |
| C-Group Culture (end) | Egyptianization of empire |
| Medjay/"Pangrave" Culture (dates) | 2200-1500 BC |
| Medjay/"Pangrave" Culture (info) | Desert Nubian culture, pastoral nomadic (herding) culture |
| Egyptian mercenaries/bowmen | Medjay/"Pangrave" Culture jobs |
| Medjay | NK word for police |
| Punt (info) | Red Sea location thought to be in Somalia and Arabia, but most likely between Red Sea and Nile south of Medjay, source of myrrh |
| Kerma Culture (dates) | 2200-1500 BC |
| Kerma Culture (info) | Upper Nubian culture with its major center at town of Kerma (3rd cataract) |
| Kerma Culture (burials) | Tumulus mound burials of 2nd intermediate period |
| Kerma Culture (end) | NK annexation of Nubia |
| Napatan/Kushite Kingdom (Dates) | 800-270 BC |
| Napatan/Kushite Kingdom (in Egypt) | Dynasty 25 (invasion) |
| Napatan/Kushite Kingdom (Egyptian Customs) | Kings build pyramids (at burial site of Nuri near Napata) and use hieroglyphic writing system |
| Meroitic Kingdom (dates) | 270 BC-350 AD |
| Meroitic Kingdom (info) | Meroe is capital of powerful kingdom that lasts half a millenium, integrates Egyptian elements in a distinctive Meroitic style |
| Meroitic Kingdom (End) | Abandoned in 350 AD when destroyed by Axum (Ethiopia) |
| Bronze Age Nubia Cultures | A-Group Culture, C-Group Culture, Medjay/"Pangrave" Culture, Punt, Kerma |
| Iron Age Nubia Cultures | Napatan/Kushite Kingdom, Meroitic Kingdom |
| Nectanebo II | Last king of dynasty 30 |
| Alexander the Great (other name) | Alexander III of Macedon |
| Alexander the Great (dates) | 356-323 BC |
| Alexander the Great (parents) | Philip of Macedon and Olympias |
| Alexander Romance | Pseudo-historical group of legends/myths, included Nectanbo impregnating Olympias as Amun |
| Alexandria | Capital city of Ptolemaic dynasty, Rhakotis |
| Heptastadion | Giant Alexandria causeway |
| Hellenistic Period | Last 3 Centuries BC referring to Near East and Mediterranean after division of Alexander's empire (with Roman Republic, before Roman Empire) |
| Ptolemy I | Son of Lagus, General of Alexander the Great |
| Satrap (governor) | Ptolemy I initial role |
| Ptolemaic Dynasty (info) | Kings descended from Macedonian Greek Ptolemy |
| Ptolemaic Dynasty (dates) | 332-30 BC |
| Cleopatra VII (info) | *Last ruler of Ptolemaic dynasty *Connected with Julius Caesar (Roman general/dictator, assassinated in 44 BC) and Marc Anthony (Roman General) |
| Cleopatra VII (dates) | 69-30 BC |
| Octavian (other name) | Augustus Caesar |
| Octavian (info) | *First emperor of Roman Empire *Grand-nephew of Julius Caesar who adopted him as his heir |
| Ptolemaic Temples | *Best preserved of ancient Egyptian temples *Temple of Horus (Edfu) *Temple of Hathor (Dendera) *Temple of Isis (Philae) *Rosetta Stone |
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