1.
Absorption: Cells take in small molecules of digested food
2.
Alveoli: One cell thick, the microscopic sacs at the end of bronchioles, outside is covered in blood vessels, this is where gas exchange occurs
3.
Arteries: Carry blood AWAY from the heart, have a thick muscle around them that squeezes the blood, they are responsible for the pulse
4.
Asexual Reproduction: Produces genetically identical offspring
5.
Atrium: Left and right, the two upper chambers of the heart
6.
Birth: Babies are born either vaginally (naturally through the vagina) or by Cesarean Section
7.
Breathing: The movement of air into and out of the lungs, allows your respiratory system to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
8.
Bronchi: The two branches of the trachea, narrow tubes that lead into the lungs, they then branch into narrower tubes called bronchioles
9.
Capillaries: Link the arteries to the veins and are the smallest of the blood vessels, deliver oxygen and other nutrients to the cells, they have very thin walls, about one cell thick, this allows materials to be transferred easily, but also allows them to be broken easily
10.
Carbon Dioxide Removal: The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide waste gasses from the body by exhaling
11.
Cardiovascular System: The system that circulates blood throughout the body
12.
Cesarean Section: Cutting through the stomach muscles and the abdomen and surgically removing the baby
13.
Chemical Digestion: Chemicals break down food into small molecules with enzymes (proteins)
14.
Clotting: First in clotting, platelets produce a chemical called fibrin, then the fibrin helps to make sticky "spider webs" to help blood clot, then they slowly tighten until the wound heals and the scab falls off
15.
Condoms: Prevent sperm from entering the uterus, with proper use they are 96-98% effective in preventing pregnancy
16.
Digestion: Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use
17.
Elimination: Undigested food and wastes are eliminated
18.
Epiglottis: A flap of tissue at the lower end of the pharynx, stops food and liquids from entering the lungs
19.
Esophagus: Muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
20.
Fallopian Tubes: Fertilization occurs here, egg passes through it to get to the uterus
21.
Gas Exchange: Oxygen from the air you breathe moves into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood goes into the alveoli
22.
Gastric Juice: An acidic fluid found in the stomach that helps breakdown food further
23.
Heart: Your heart is about the size of your fist, it is made of muscle, located on the left side of the chest and is protected by the ribs and sternum
24.
Heart Murmur: Different from a heart beat, the sound occurs because the valves of the heart do not open/close properly
25.
Heartbeat: The heart beats from top to bottom, the atrium beats and then the ventricle beats, the heartbeat is due to the closing of the valves
26.
Hemoglobin: Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide, this is what makes blood blue or red
27.
How the Heart Works: Low-oxygenated blood goes from the body and enters the right side of the heart, where it is pumped to the lungs, then the left side pumps oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body
28.
How You Breathe: When high levels of carbon dioxide build up in your blood it signals your nervous system to exhale, then you inhale, your diaphragm is a large muscle below your lungs that contracts and relaxes, that's how the air moves in and out of your lungs, its simply a change in air pressure
29.
Ingestion: Act of eating or putting food into your mouth
30.
Large Intestine: Water is absorbed here, materials that pass through are waste products, peristalsis is used to force the semi-solid waste into the last section of it
31.
Larynx: A triangle-shaped structure, where air passes over, also called the voice box or Adam's apple,
32.
Lungs: Major organs of the respiratory system,
33.
Mechanical Digestion: Food is physically broken down through chewing, grinding, mashing, etc.
34.
Menstruation: The uterus contains a lining where the zygote would implant and develop, each cycle if fertilization does not occur, the lining sheds and is released via the vagina, lining will be replaced in the next cycle, this shedding is also called a period, and can last 4-6 days, occurs from puberty until menopause (45-50) every 28 days or so, except during pregnancy
35.
Mouth: Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth with chewing, salivary glands produce saliva which contains enzymes that help breakdown food
36.
Oral Contraceptives: Hormones which prevent ovulation, keeping the egg from being released, when used properly, once a day, they are 99% effective in preventing pregnancy
37.
Ovary: There are two, eggs and estrogen are produced here
38.
Oxygen: The human body needs oxygen in order to survive to use during cellular respiration
39.
Penis: Contains the opening to the urethra, urine and semen exit here
40.
Pepsin: An enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins into amino acids
41.
Peristalsis: Muscle contractions that allow food to move through the esophagus (like squeezing a tube of toothpaste)
42.
Pharynx: A tube-like passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth and nose
43.
Plasma: The liquid part of the blood, it makes up 55% of blood volume, and carries proteins that regulate bleeding and clotting
44.
Platelets: Irregularly shaped fragments that help to clot blood, they live for four to nine days
45.
Pregnancy: Occurs if the fertilized zygote implants into the uterus, the zygote then develops into an embryo and then into a fetus, lasts 40 weeks
46.
Puberty: The maturation of reproductive organs leading to sperm production and ovulation, results in the ability to produce offspring
47.
Rectum and Anus: Muscles here control the release of feces
48.
Red Blood Cells (RBC): Disc-shaped, they do not have a nuclei, they have a life span of about 120 days, they are made in bone narrows of long bones, they contain hemoglobin
49.
Reproductive System: A system that allows a species to reproduce
50.
Respiratory System: The system by which humans breathe in order to get oxygen into their body and dispel of the waste
51.
SA Node (Sinoatrial Node): A pacemaker which is a group of cells in the heart that create electronic impulses that makes your heart beat
52.
Saliva Released Each Day: Each day, a human's salivary glands release about one liter of saliva
53.
Sex: A requirement for procreation: the act of producing offspring and the furthering of generations
54.
Sexual Reproduction: The creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms, produces genetically similar offspring,
55.
Small Intestine: Long tube connected to the stomach, the site of chemical digestion and nutrients absorption
56.
Stomach: Large hollow organ that stores food, it is expandable, aids in chemical digestion
57.
Testicle: Sperm and testosterone are produced here, they are outside of the body, sperm need cool temperatures for proper development
58.
The Fab Four: The four chambers of the heart that beat in rhythm, separated by valves
59.
The Food Journey: Mouth -> Esophagus -> Stomach -> Small Intestine -> Large Intestine
60.
The Four Components of Blood: Plasma, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets
61.
The Menstrual Cycle: A 28 day cycle in which an egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, the egg then has 28-36 hours to be fertilized by the sperm, if it is fertilized then the zygote has 14 days to implant into the uterus, if not fertilized, the egg will be released via menstruation
62.
The Three Types of Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries
63.
The Two Sides of the Heart: The left and right, separated by the sternum, they are both separated into two chambers
64.
The Two Types of Digestion: Mechanical and Chemical
65.
The Two Types of Reproduction: Sexual and Asexual
66.
Trachea: Where the air enters after passing over the larynx
67.
Urethra: Urine and semen leave via this tube
68.
Uterus: Muscular organ where zygote implants, if no implantation, lining sheds cause menstruation, this is where the baby grows
69.
Vagina: Passageway that leads to the uterus, it is the "birth canal", very muscular to push the baby out
70.
Valves: Keep blood flowing in one direction, which prevents back flow of the blood
71.
Vas Deferens: The tube connecting the testes and the urethra, semen: fluid mixed with sperm, is made here
72.
Veins: Carry blood TOWARD the heart, do not have thick muscle around them, they do have valves, which keeps blood flow moving and not backed up, "sandwiched" between skeletal muscles,
73.
Ventricle: Left and right, the two lower chambers of the heart
74.
Villus: Finger like projections that line the inside of the small intestine, contains small blood vessels through which nutrients diffuse into the blood stream (villi plural)
75.
What Happens to Consumed Food: The steps that food goes through are ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
76.
What Happens When You Chew: You cover your food with saliva, which contains chemicals that help to start breaking down the food
77.
White Blood Cells (WBC): Fight viruses, bacteria, etc., their numbers increase when infection is present, bigger than RBC's but fewer in number and have a much shorter life span
78.
Zygote: The mixture of the egg and sperm that later develops into a baby
