| Term | Definition |
|---|
| biochemistry | chemistry of organic molecules |
| organic molecules | molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen |
| macromolecule | an organic molecule that is large and has a tendency to form chains |
| carbon | it is the most reactive element in a macromolecule due to its ability to form a total of four bonds |
| monomer | individual unit in a chain of macromolecular organic compounds |
| polymer | two or more monomers in a chain |
| dehydration synthesis | the process of forming polymers by the loss of water |
| hydrolysis | process of splitting up polymers with the addition of water |
| 60-65% | percentage of carbs in diet |
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen | elements in carbs |
| monosaccharide | monomer of a carb |
| glucose | monosaccharide of a carb that is blood sugar |
| fructose | monosaccharide of a carb that is fruit sugar |
| galactose | monosaccharide of a carb that is milk sugar |
| isomer | anything with the exact same formula, but a different shape |
| disaccharide | two monomers of a carb |
| maltose | glucose + glucose |
| sucrose | glucose + fructose |
| lactose | glucose + galactose |
| maltose | malt sugar |
| sucrose | table sugar |
| lactose | milk sugar |
| polysaccharide | three or more monomers of a carb |
| glycogen | what is formed in the liver from the glucose |
| starch | polysaccharide that is in plant stored form and is used for energy while being digestable |
| cellulose "fiber" | plant stored carb that is indigestable but helps regulate digestion |
| 20-25% | percentage of protein in diet |
| carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen | elements in protein |
| amino acid | monomer of protein |
| functional group | special collection of atoms that give certain properties to a compound |
| "R" group | variable in the amino acid that can change |
| 20 | number of amino acids |
| dipeptide | 2 peptide bonds |
| peptide bond | bond between amino acids |
| polypeptide | 3 or more peptide bonds |
| hydrophilic | attracted to water |
| hydrophobic | unattracted to water |
| primary structure | first stage of a protein in which the polypeptide has formed |
| secondary structure | structure when the polypeptides become Beta pleated sheets or alpha helix |
| tertiary structure | sometimes called "domain"; collapsed sheet |
| quatemary structure | two domains bonded perfectly together; the completed protein |
Combine with other sets
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