Animal Nutrition
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SGreenGirl on April 28, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Explain the interrelationship between minerals in the diet | They serve as structural elements in the body. Bone Health: Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorous, Flouride Blood Health: Iron, Copper, Zinc Fluid Balance: Sodium, Potassium , Chloride Antioxidant: Selenium with Vitamin E |
| List the seven macronutrients and their percentage needed in rations | Sulfur Sodium Phosphorous Potassium Chloride Calcium: 5-8% Magnesium |
| Sodium | Source: Phosphate, sodium chloride Function: water excretion/metabolism Supplemental: Sodium Chloride drip |
| Sulfur | Source: almost entirely with organic compounds in body Function: Used in rumen bacteria Supplemental: Calcium, Copper |
| Potassium | Source: Legumes, Potassium Chloride Function: maintain fluid and electrolyte balance |
| Phosphorous | Source: grain/forages(phosphoric acid) Function: works with Calcium for bone function Supplemental: |
| Calcium | Source- legumes Function: bone calcification Supplemental: Bone meal |
| Chloride | : Source: Potassium Chloride Function: Fluid and electrolyte balance(along with Sodium- hence sodium chloride fluids for dehydrated animals) Supplemental: Sodium Chloride drip |
| Magnesium | Source: availability lower for ruminants vs. monogastrics Function: Carb and lipid metabolism, critical to heart health |
| Differentiate between micro and macrominerals | Macro minerals are found over 5% in body while micro/trace minerals are only found under 5% in body |
| Identify six microminerals | (Zebras In Frenzy Can Injure Shana) Zinc, Iron, Flouride, Copper, Iodine, Selenium |
| Match the micromineral with its function or deficiency symptom. | Zinc: Sexual immaturity/Growth retardation Iron: Anemia/increased morbidity and mortality Copper: Anemia/osteoporosis Iodine: Thryoid issues, enlargement of glands(goiter) Selenium: Poor growth/mastitis |
| Identify tow toxic minerals | Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, Chromium, Manganese |
| Identify how vitamins and mineral interact | Vitamins are individual units that are not linked together and do not yield energy when broken down, they are co-enzymes that assist enzymes in breaking down energy from CHO, Proteins, Fats |
| Differentiate between fat and water soluble vitamins | Water soluble- Vitamins B and C : absorption directly into blood, short term storage, excreted through urine by kidneys Fat Soluble: Vitamins, A,D,E,K : absorption in lymphs then into blood, long term storage, regarding excretion remains in fat storage sites |
| Vitamin A | Source: Green Grass Function: Maintenance, Growth, & Reproduction |
| Vitamin D | Source:Fish, eggs, cows milk Function: Bone formation, growth, CHO Metabolism, absorption of Calcium & Phosphate |
| Vitamin E | Source: Function: Strong antioxidant(along with Selenium), reproduction, immune system in monogastrics |
| Vitamin K | Source: Green forage, well cured hays, fish meal Function: Blood clotting |
| B 12 and Folic Acid deficiency causes | Anemia Deficiency |
| Vitamin C deficiency causes | Iron deficiency |
| Vitamin A deficiency causes | Deficiency: No growth/death, Blindness, Swollen legs, pigs- paralysis hind legs Toxicity: **most likely to present toxicity issues in monogastrics with 4-10 times requirements and in ruminants 30 times requirements( toxicity produces reduced growth as well) |
| Vitamin E: Deficiency | Deficiency: White Muscle Disease in calves Toxicity: Low toxicity since utilization dependent on adequate Selenium |
| Vitamin K: Deficiency | Spontaneous hemorrhaging, not blood clotting Toxicity: Relatively non-toxic |
| What is the vitamin associated with alpha tocopherol | Vitamin E |
| What is the vitamin associated with dicoumeral | Vitamin K (antagonist) |
| What is the vitamin associated with beta carotene | Vitamin A |
| What is the vitamin associated with ergosterol | Vitamin D2 |
| What is the vitamin associated with thiamine | Vitamin B |
| What is the vitamin associated with riboflavin | Vitamin B |
| What is the vitamin associated with cyanocobalamin | Vitamin B12 |
| What is the vitamin associated with pyridoxine | Vitamin B6 |
| dentify at least 6 water soluble vitamins | Vitamin C, B Vitamins: ( The Right Nutrients Produce Folicky Babies, 6/12) Thiamine Riboflavin Niacine Pyridoxine Folic Acid Biotin Vitamin B6 Vitamin B12 |
| Describe the general problems associated with deficiencies of water soluble vitamins | Vitamin C is not normally associated with deficiencies since it is only a nutritional requirement for primates and guinea pigs. Vitamin B, on the other hand, is responsible for a lot of metabolic conversions and protein synthesis in the body. Vitamin B deficiencies are therefore associated with poor reproductive rates, poor growth rates, moon blindness in horses, leg problems, head retraction, weight loss, loss of hair, and anemia. |
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