chapter 13 sec 1+2 historical terms
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Peasant's Crusade | ~few weapons - little money ~organized by - Gautier sans Avoir (Walter the penniless) - monk from Amiens - Pierre le Hermite (Peter the Hermit) ~30,000 peasants and poor townspeople ~two groups - one group 'sacked' Belgrade (Yugoslavia) on Danube River - took grain - second group slaughtered Jews in Rhineland ~useless as fighting force ~Byzantine emperor sent "crusaders" across Bosporus to Asia Minor to be slaughtered by Turks |
| First Crusade | ~fought in Holy Land and Asia Minor ~individual leaders carved out areas for themselves - Godfrey of Bouillon-named Latin King of Jerusalem - Baldwin of Lorraine-given control over County of Edessa - Bohemond of Italy-headed principality of Antioch - Raymond of Toulouse-controlled county of Tripoly ~'appeared' to be successful - - held Holy Land by building elaborate castles ~1096 - 1099 AD |
| Second Crusade | ~preached by St. Bernard of Clairvaux ~goal - recapture Edessa ~dismal failure - Crusaders defeated outside of Damascus - (capital city of Syria) - returned home in disarray ~1147 - 1149 AD |
| Third Crusade | ~provoked by military success of Muslim leader Saladin (Salah al-Din) ~1187 - reconquered Holy Land - including Jerusalem ~kings - England - King Richard I (The Lionheart) - - France - Philip II (Philip Augustus, The Conqueror) - Holy Roman Emperor - Frederick Barbarossa - drowned in river in Asia Minor ~French and English kings bickered - - Philip Augustus returned to France ~English king negotiated with Saladin - - allowed Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem ~Richard I captured in Austria - held for ransom ~marked end of "true Crusades" - i.e., genuine effort to recapture Holy Land ~"King's Crusade" 1189 - 1192 AD |
| Fourth Crusade | ~stated purpose - recapture Jerusalem ~real purpose - Doge (ruler of Venice - Venice paid for Crusade) diverted expedition to capture Venetian rival, Zara, on Adriatic Sea ~crusaders agreed to place "pretender" (false claimant) on Byzantine throne by capturing Constantinople - motives-- - pope wanted to re-unite Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches - crusaders needed $$$$$ and military aid promised by "pretender" - Venetians wanted monopoly on Byzantine trade ~1203 A.D. - Byzantine "pretender" placed on throne -- popular resistance to "pretender" kept him from fulfilling promises made to crusaders ~1204 - crusaders seized/sacked Constantinople - without mercy - burned libraries - destroyed churches - stole treasures ~actions - bitter impact on relations between Eastern Orthodox world and Western Europe ~this crusade - seriously weakened Byzantine Empire - made possible later Muslim advance into Eastern Europe - Byzantine Empire - no longer great bulwark (protector/defender) of Western civilization |
| Doge | ~ruler of Venice ~Venice paid for Crusade) diverted expedition to capture Venetian rival, Zara, on Adriatic Sea (real purpose of Fourth Crusade) |
| Hanseatic League | ~controlled trade between Eastern Europe and North Atlantic ~towns along Baltic coast formed this |
| Pied Poudre | ~French "Commercial Law" or "Law Merchant" ~"Dusty Foot Courts" |
| Usury | ~making profit from lending money ~forbidden by Church |
| Banca | ~Banking - first appeared in Italy - "transferring funds" was invented |
| Faubourg | outside the burg |
| Charter | ~grant that guaranteed independence - set out rights and liberties of town ~kings granted these |
| Universitas | association of people gathered together for the purpose of learning |
| Scholasticism | ~philosophic/intellectual movement that attempted to harmonize reason and faith ~major philosophers: - St. Anselm - Peter Abelard - Thomas Aquinas |
| Sic et Non | ~Abelard's best known work ~examined 150 statements on theology and ethics ~included opinions of Church authorities for and against each statement ~urged students to use reason to reconcile apparent contradictions |
| Summa Theologica | ~encyclopedia of Christian theology ~concluded - faith and reason existed in harmony - God ruled over an orderly creation ~brought Christian faith and Greek philosophy together ~Thomas Aquinas' greatest work |
| Chanson de Geste | "Songs of Heroic Deeds" examples of _____s ~"Song of Roland" most popular - praises one of Charlemagne's knights who died during campaign versus Muslims in Spain ~"Poem of the Cid" - "Poema del Cid" - "El Cid" - Cid (Lord) - Rodrigo Diaz - conflicts versus Muslims in Spain |
| El Cid | poem that is about the Lord Rodrigo Diaz and his conflicts versus Muslims in Spain |
| Garden of Delights | ~an encyclopedia of world history ~written by Herrad of Landsberg (abbess) and her nuns |
| City of Ladies | ~questioned negative attitude held toward women ~written by Christine de Pisan |
| Divine Comedy | ~written in Tuscan dialect - basis for modern Italian ~mythical journey through heaven, hell, purgatory ~combines humor, tragedy and quest for religious understanding ~written by Dante Alighieri |
| Canterbury Tales | ~English pilgrims traveling to shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury ~each character (knight, plowman, abbess , miller, monk, widow) tells a story ~funny, romantic, bawdy - tales tell story of medieval life ~written by Geoffrey Chaucer |
| Romanesque | ~building style of the Medieval Ages ~copy of Roman Basilica (law court) ~basic plan included large rectangle with thick walls and a heavy wooden roof |
| Gothic | ~building style of the Medieval Ages ~much higher style of architecture with thinner walls |
| Flying Buttress | ~outside of walls - to support weight of roof ~arched bridge above aisles that reaches from upper nave wall, where lateral thrust of main vault is greatest, down a solid pier |
| Nave | wide space between columns |
| Ambulatory | Isle - space between walls and columns |
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