E L11 path of the parathyroid glands & MEN dr.trif
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What type of cells are in the parathyroid gland? | •Chief cells - light pink •Oxyphilic cells - larger cells with acidophilic cytoplasm |
| What is the main role of PTH? | To increase serum Ca. secretion increased in low Ca, and decreased in high Ca states. |
| What are the symptoms for hypercalcemia? | MISHAP •Malignancy •intoxication with vit D •Sarcoidosis •Hyperthyroidism •Alkali (milk-alkali syndrome) •Paget's dz |
| What is the MCC of hypercalcemia? | *Malignancy |
| How do malignancies cause hypercalcemia? | •metastatic tumor cells → cytokine release → osteolytic metastasis→ osteolysis •release of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) by solid tumors (Sq cell cancers) --- appears in the absence of osteolytic metastasis called humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy |
| ***What is Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia? | A mutation in the calcium sensing receptor gene (CaSR) causing the parathyroid gland to have decreased sensitivity to extracellular calcium levels |
| What histological marker do you expect to find in Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica? | Metastatic calcifications |
| What are the symptoms of Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica? | Painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans |
| What are the lab findings in Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica? | *High serum alkaline phosphatase, high urinary calcium |
| What is the MCC of 2° hyperparathyroidism? | Chronic renal failure |
| What are the lab findings in 2° hyperparathyroidism? | High serum alkaline phosphatase |
| What are the causes of hypOcalcemia? | •Hypoparathyroidism (PTH deficiency) •Pseudohypoparathyroidism (failure to respond to PTH) |
| What are some symptoms oh hypOparathyroidism? | •MSK: tetany, Chvosek sign, Trousseau sign, laryngospasm •CV: prolonged QT→arrythmias •increased ICP (intracranial pressure) |
| What are the 2 types of Pseudohypoparathyroidism? | • Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A --- AHO and multihormone resistant •pseudo- Pseudohypoparathyroidism --- AHO but not multihormone resistant |
| What is AHO? | Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy - short stature, obese, short metacarpal and metatarsals, variable mental defects |
| What is multidrug resistance? | •PTH resistance → hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated serum PTH •TSH resistance → mild symptoms •FSH/LH resistance → hypogonadism |
| What does Multiple organ Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) 1 (Werner syndrome) affect? | The 3 P's •Parathyroid - 1° hyperparathyroidism •Pancreas - ZE syndrome, pancreatic tumors, •Pituitary glands - prolactinoma |
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