Restorative Art
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92 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Frontial views | will show the size, length, and width of features in relationship to the face. |
| Profile views | will show projections, recessions. |
| Three-quarters view | will show appearance of lips and fullness of the cheeks. |
| Highlight | A suface lying at a right angle to the source of illumination, which reflects the maximum amountof light; the lighter and brighter part. |
| Shadow | Surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light. |
| Head | The widest part of the head is measured by the distance between the two parietal eminences. |
| Nose | The face is three noses long. The length of the nose is equal to the length of the ear. The width of the nose at the wings is equal to the width of an eye. |
| Eyes | The face of 5 eyes wide from zygomatic arch to zygomatic arch. The distance between the eye is equal to the width of 1 eye. The mouth is two eyes wide. |
| Ear | The superior border of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as the eyebrows. The inferior border of the ear is on the same horizontal plane as the base of the nose. The face is three ears long. |
| Thumb and Index Finger equals | The length of the ear. The length of the nose. The normal hairline to the root of the nose. The base of the nose to the bottom of the chin |
| The following 4 measurements are equal | Ear passage to the tip of the nose. Eyebrow to the base of the chin. Hairline to the base of the nose. Ear pasage to the ear passage. |
| Height of the average adult | is 7 - 8 heads tall. |
| The width of the face is | 2/3 the length of the face. |
| Combinations / variations of Basic Facial Forms | Convex-concave Vertical-concave - Least Common Concave-vertical |
| Basic Linear Forms of Facial Profiles | Convex - most common type Concave -least common type - chin protrudes beyond the Infintine retrousse plane Vertical/balanced |
| Head Shapes From a Frontal View | Oval - most common -- so called ideal shape. Round Square Triangle - least common head shape Inverted Triangle Diamond Oblong |
| Helix | The outer rim of the ear has the general shape of a question mark. It begins superior to the lobe and ends by attaching to the cheek. |
| Scapula | The fossa between the inner and outer rims of the ear. It is the shallowest depression of the ear. |
| Antihelix | The inner rim of the ear. It starts at the superior border of the lobe and continues upward until it ends by becoming the crura. It forms the superior and posterior walls of the concha. |
| Crura | The superior and anterior bifurcating branches of the antihelix |
| Triangular Fossa * 2nd deepest * | Depression between the crura. * The 2nd deepest depression * of the ear. |
| Concha * deepest * | Concave shell of the ear; * the deepest depression * of the ear located posterior and superior to the ear passage. |
| Tragus | An elevation protecting the ear passage. Arise from the posterior margin of the lateral cheek. |
| Antitragus | A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus. Located on the superior border of the lobe of the ear. |
| Intertragic notch | A notch or opening between the tragus and the antitragus of the ear. |
| Lobe | Inferior fatty 1/3 of the ear; not soft inferior part of the ear. Attaches to the cheek. Not made of cartilage. |
| Crus | The origin of the helix that is flattened and ends in the concha. |
| Pinna | Latin term for Ear. |
| Ear | the organ of hearing consisting of the external ear, middle ear, and internal ear. |
| Nose | The prominent organ of smell located in the center 1/3 of the face. It is the beginning of the respritory tract and is triangular or pyramidal in shape. |
| Types of Racial Description | Leptorrhine Phatyrrhine Mesorrhine |
| Leptorrhine | A classification given to the nose that is long, narrow, and high bridged, common to individuals of Western European descent. |
| Platyrrhine | A classification given to the nose that is short, broad and has a minimum of projection; common to individiuals of African descent. |
| Mesorrhine | A classification given to a nose that is medium broad and medium low bridged; predominate among people of Asian descent. |
| NOSE: Profile classification: straight | Grecian / Greek characterized as straight from tip to root - MOST common. |
| NOSE: Profile classification: Convex | Roman, aquiline or hooked. Curved as the beak or an eagle, a nose that has a hook as seen from a profile; may exhibit a hump in the bridge. |
| NOSE: Profile classification: Concave | Snub, pug, infantine, or retrousse. Characterized by a dip in the bridge and turned up |
| Nasal bones | The paired nasal bone are inferior to the glabella, forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity. |
| Nasal cavity | The orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla. |
| Nasal spine of the maxilla | The sharp, bony projection located medially at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity. This indicates the bony length of the nose. |
| Major cartilages | Septum and superior lateral cartilage. |
| Dorsum | The anterior protruding ridge of the nose extending from the root to the tip. It includes the bridge. |
| Root | The apex, top, of the pyramidal mass of the nose, which lies directly inferior to the forehead. The concave dip inferior to the forehead. |
| Bridge | Dome over the nasal cavity. Point of greatest projection. The ached portion of the nose supported by the nasal bones. |
| Wings | Lateral lobes of the nose. The widest part of the nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and the anterior nares. |
| Columna nasi | The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose located between the nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose. |
| Anterior nares | External nostril openings |
| Side of the nose | Lateral walls of the nose located between the wings of the nose and bridge. They recede laterally from the dorsum. |
| Protruding lobe of the nose | The rounded anterior projection of the tip of the nose. |
| Types o Prognathism | 1. Maxillary 2. Mandibular 3. Dental 4. Alveolar |
| Shape of the Head | is influenced by it's bony structure. It usually will use the following points of reference. 1. Bi-parietal width 2. Bi-zygomatic width 3. Bi-mandibular width 4. Length of head - vertex of chin base |
| Oval head | Most common shape of head considered an ideal shape Eye shaped |
| Round head | short, full cheeks Round, fuller jaw line Round crainum |
| Square head | appears short forehead jaw line and cheeks are approximately the same width |
| Inverted Triangle Head | jaw line that is narrower than cheekbone or forehead |
| Diamond head | long and narrow forehead and chin may be rounded or square nose is usually long |
| Triangle head | is considered the LEAST common for testing purposes. Appears wider at the jaw than cheeks and forehead. |
| Bilateral forms of the head & facial features - goal: | to compare two sides of the face and features and observe similarities and differences. |
| Features exhibiting Asymmetry | 1. Eyelids and eyebrows 2. Ears a. the ears exhibit the greatest difference in portion, form & size b. they also show difference in how they protrudge laterally - away from head 3. Cheeks 4. Nose and mouth a. line of closure of lips will/ be/can be different |
| Surfaces exhibiting a similarity of bilateral curvature | 1. forehead 2. cheeks 3. superior intregumentary lip 4. chin |
| Bilateral silhouette | bilateral views from superior or inferior to compare both sides. |
| Internal bones of the Ear | have no effect on surface form. They can NOT be used as anatomical guides. 1. Malleus 2. Incus 3. Stapes |
| Ear Passage | external auditory meatus, generally not seen from the frontal view. |
| Ear | generally 1/3 the length of the face. |
| Convex-Concave | Forehead recedes - Chin protrudes |
| Concave-Convex | Forehead protrudes - Chin recedes |
| Vertical-Convex | Forehead lines up vertically - Chin recedes |
| Vertical Concave | Forehead lines up vertically - Chin projects |
| Concave - Vertical | Forehead protrudes Chin lines up vertically |
| Convex - Vertical | Forehead recedes - Chin lines up vertically |
| Convex* | most common* - forehead recedes, chin recedes |
| Concave* | Least comon*, forehead protrudes, chin protrudes |
| Three Basic Forms | Convex, Concave, Vertical |
| Vertical Profiles | The standard forehead, upper lip and chin form vertical plans, nose not included. Forehead and chin are used for explaination. It is in vertical alignment? Does it recede? There are NINE - 9 - profile combinations TOTAL. |
| One Eye | Basic dimensional unit for width measurement; measured from one canthus; lateral, to the other [medial cathus]. |
| Distance between eyes is one eye width | also base of nose is one eye width. |
| Distance from the corners of the eyes is | 3 eyes wide. |
| 5 eyes wide | The widest part of the face is ____ eyes wide. |
| Corner of the mouth are vertically aligned | with the middle of the eyes. |
| Two | The width of the mouth is equal to ___ eye widths. |
| Use of Photographs | Secure a recent photograph Snapshot will show natural facial markings portraits will show extra light, less facial marking present. |
| Anatomic Structures for the Temporal Bone Using the Modeled Ear | 1. External Auditory Meatus 2. Zygomatic Arch 3. Mandibular Fossa 4. Mastoid Process |
| External Facial Bones ** | 1. Nasal Bones - two 2. Zygomatic Bones - two 3. Maxilla - two 4. Mandible - one |
| Four surfaces that exhibt similar bilateral curvatures: ** | 1. Forehead 2. Cheeks 3. Superior intugumetary lip 4. Chin |
| Horizontally, the face is divided by 8 lines which creatd 6 special zones. | 1. Divide face into 2 equal 1/2 by drawing a line at the: 1. vertex, top, of the cranium 2. The line of the eye closure, 3. Base of the chin 2. Divide the face into 3 equal part by drawing lines through the: 1. hairline 2. eyebrows 3. base of the nose 4. base of the chin 3. Divide the are between the base of the nose and the base of the chin into 3 equal part by drawing lines through: 1. base of the nose 2. line of the lip closure 3. top of the chin 4. base of the chin. |
| Vertical lines are used to determine the width of head feature by using the width of the eye as a standard of measurement. | 1. Draw a line down from the medial corner of each eye. This line will extend to the corner of the wing of the nose. 2. Extend a line down from the lateral corner of each eye. This line will extend to the sides of the face. 3. Extend a line down from the middle of the eye. This line will extend to the corner of the mouth. |
| Three | The face is ___ nose long. |
| Equal | The length of the nose is ___ to the length of the ear. |
| Equal | The width of the nose at the wings is ___ to the width of an eye. |
| 5 eyes wide | The face is ___ eyes wide from zygomatic arch to zygomatic arch. |
| one eye | The distance between the eyes to the width of ___. |
| two eye wide | The mouth is _____ wide. |
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