IntroLogic01-18
About this set
Created by:
magisterelliott on April 29, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 logic | the science and art of reasoning well |
| term | a concept that can be expressed precisely |
| Law of the Excluded Middle | Any statement that is either true or false |
| Law of Identity | If a statement is true, then it is true. |
| Law of Non-contradiction | When a statement cannot be both true and false. |
| Formal Logic | Deals withe the proper modes of reasoning. |
| Informal Logic | Deals with operations of thinking that are indirectly related to reasoning. |
| Induction (Inductive Reasoning) | Is reasoning with probability from examples or experiences to heneral rules |
| Deduction (Deductive Reasoning) | Is reasoning with certainty from premises to conclusions. |
| ambiguous | When a word has more than 1 definition. |
| vague | When a word is one whose extent is unclear. |
| Genus of a term | That is more general, broad or abstract than the original term and includes it. |
| Species of a Term | A term that is more specific, narrow, or concrete than the orginal term and is included by it. |
| Extension | The sum of all the individual objects described by it. |
| Intension | The sum of all the common attributes denoted by the term. |
| Definition | A statement that gives the meaning of a term. |
| Lexical Definition | Shows relationships or reduces ambiguity by providing a single established meaning of a term. |
| Stipulative Definition | A definition which supplies the meaning of a new term. |
| Persuasive Definition | Defined to influence the attitudes and emotions of the audience. |
| Precising Definition | Definition which reduces the vagueness of a term in a given situation. |
| Theoretical Definition | The word may be familiar, but not understood. For ex.: H2O for water. |
| statement | a sentence which is either true or false |
| self-supporting statement | a statement whose truth value can be determined from the statement itself |
| tautology | a statement which is always true because of its logical structure |
| self-contradiction | a statement that is false due to its logical structure |
| supported statement | a statement whose truth value depends on evidence or information from outside itself |
| consistent statements | they can both be true at the same time |
| implication (statements related by) | two statements are related by implication if the truth of one requires the truth of the other |
| logically equivalent statements | if they imply one another |
| independent statements | the truth or falsity of one has no effect on the truth or falsity of the other |
| disagreement | when there appears to be inconsistency |
| real disagreement | an actual inconsistancy between two statements: they cannot both be true at the same time |
| apparent disagreement | difference of opinion or perception |
| verbal disagreement | a misunderstanding due to differing definitions for one or more words |
| subject | the term being described, or about which something is asserted |
| predicate | is the term that describes or asserts something about the subject |
| quantity of a statement | the scope of its claim about the extension of the subject: universal (entire extension) or particular (partial) |
| quality of a statement | is the positive or negative nature of its claim about the subject: affirmative (asserts something) or negative (denies something) |
| 3 ways to determine truth value of a supported statement | authority; experience; deduction |
| Requirements of Standard Categorical Form | 1. Statements must begin w/ all, no, or some. 2. Verb must be a verb of being: is, are, etc. 3. Both subject and predicate must be a noun or a noun phrase. |
| square of opposition | a diagram of the basic relationships between statements with the same subject and predicate |
| contradiction | two statements are in contradiction if and only if they always have opposite truth values |
| contrary | two statements are contrary if and only if they can both be false but cannot both be true |
| subcontraries | two statements are subcontraries if and only if both can be true but both cannot be false |
| subimplication | the relationship between a universal and particular statement of the same quality, in which the truth of the universal necessitates the truth of the particular |
| superimplication | the relationship between a universal and particular statement of the same quality, in which the falsity of the particular necessitates the falsity of the universal. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.