| Term | Definition |
| Nile River | longest river in the world |
| silt | mixture of tiny bits of soil and rock |
| delta | fertile, flat land made of silt |
| Menes | pharaoh who unified upper & lower Egypt |
| unification | joining of parts into one whole |
| pharaoh | ruler of Egypt |
| Memphis | first capital of Egypt |
| economy | the way money and resources are managed to produce goods & services |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing system |
| scribe | writer in ancient times |
| papyrus | reed that grows along the riverbank |
| Khufu | pharaoh who ordered Great Pyramid built |
| Thebes | newer captial of Egypt |
| Nubia | kingdom south of Egypt |
| Ahmose | pharaoh who defeated the Hyksos |
| empire | group of lands and people ruled by one government |
| Hatshepsut | pharaoh who led expedition to Punt |
| expedition | group of people who travel for a set reason |
| Tuthankamen | wealthy young pharaoh who ruled from age 9 to 19 |
| Valley of the Kings | buriel place of many pharaohs |
| desert | Egypt is made mostly of this |
| irrigation | watering of land by means of pipes and canals |