XIV. Social Psychology (8-10%)
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CCHS-Psychology on April 30, 2012
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Gender | in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female |
| race | A grouping of human beings with distinctive characteristics determined by genetic inheritance. |
| Ethnicity | Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. |
| Self Concept | a person's explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics |
| Social Psychology | the branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole |
| fundamental attribution error | the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
| Self Awareness | the ability to recognize and understand your moods, emotions, and drives, as well as their impact on others |
| Self-Discrepancy Theory | awareness of differences between personal standards and goals leads to strong emotions |
| Behavior | (psychology) the aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements made by an organism in any situation |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophesy | the tendency for a person to act a certain way because they are expected to or they expect themselves to |
| altruism | the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
| Aggression | physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
| attraction | feeling of being drawn toward another and desiring the company of a person |
| Attitude formation | direct experience (contact with person or object) and social learning (deriving attitudes from family, friends, peer groups, religious groups, etc). relatively fixed but can be changed |
| Cognitive dissonance | Inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions |
| Foot-in-the-Door strategy | involves making a small request first and then making a second larger request. |
| Door-in-the-face strategy | a manipulation technique in which a persuader makes a large request, expecting you to reject it, and then presents a smaller request |
| Low-Balling | getting agreement first, then adding specifics (added costs) later |
| Solomon Asch | Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines. |
| Leon Festinger | social psychologist who proposed the cognitive dissonance theory |
| Stanley Milgram | Conducted a study on obedience when he had a subject shock a patient to the extent that they would be seriously injuring the patient |
| Philip Zimbardo | proved peoples behavior depends to a large extent on the roles they are asked to play |
| Attribution Theory | The theory of how people make attributions |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors in determining the behavior of others while underestimating situational factors |
| Groupthink | Kind of thinking that occurs when people place more cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned |
| Conformity | Changing one's own behavior to match that of other people |
| Obedience to Authority | Changing one's behavior at the command of an authority figure |
| Central route to persuasion | Type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself |
| Bystander effect | Referring to the effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increase |
| Social facilitation | The tendency for presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task |
| Prejudice | Negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group |
| In-group | Social groups with whom a person identifies; "us" |
| Out-groups | Social groups with whom a person does not identify; "them" |
| Self-Serving Bias | People take credit for their success(due to dispositional factors) and dissociate themselves from their failures (due to situational factors) |
| Group Polarization | The tendency of people to make decisions that are more extreme when they are in a group, as opposed to a decision made alone or independently |
| Deindividuation | the process by which group members become less aware of themselves as individuals and less concerned about being socially evaluated |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group |
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