Chapter 17 and 18
About this set
Created by:
TaylorEarthScience on April 30, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, and Volcanoes.
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Wegner | Scientist who came up with the theory of Continental Drift. |
| Continental Drift | The theory that states that all Earth's continents were once a single landmass called Pangaea. |
| Pangea | The one single landmass scientists believe existed before the continents broke apart. |
| Harry Hess | The scientist that came up with the theory of seafloor spreading. |
| Seafloor Spreading | The theory that new ocean crust is formed at ocean ridges and destroyed at deep-sea trenches. |
| Thoery of Plate Tectonics | The theory that says Earth's crust and rigid upper mantle are broken into enormous slabs called plates. |
| Plate Boundaries | Areas where tectonic plates interact. |
| Convergent Boundaries | Places where tectonic plates are moving towards one another. |
| Divergent Boundaries | Places where tectonic plates are moving apart from one another. |
| Transformation Boundaries | Places where 2 plates slide past each other horizontally. |
| Subduction | When plates meet and 1 of the 2 plates is is forced benath the other. |
| Rift Valleys | Divergent boundaries that occur on land |
| Viscosity | The internal resistance to flow (how "sticky" a substance is). |
| Andesitic Magma | Forms from crust being sub-ducted, pushed down, into the Earth's mantle. This magma type has an intermediate viscosity. |
| Basaltic Magma | Forms from rock in the upper mantle melting. This magma type has a low viscosity. |
| Rhyolitic Magma | Forms from molten material rising and mixing with the crust above it. This magma type has a high viscosity |
| Calderas | Large Craters |
| Shield Volcanoes | These produce mountains with a broad, gently sloping side and a nearly circular base. |
| Cinder-Cone Volcanoes | These volcanoes have steep sides and are generally small. |
| Composite Volcanoes | These are much larger then Cinder-Cone Volcanoes. |
| Tephra | Rock fragments thrown into the air during an eruption. |
| Pyroclastic Flow | Rapidly moving tephra and volcanic ash that moves down the volcano. |
| Hot Spots | Volcanoes found far away from plate boundaries. |
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