Chapter 13 European Middle Ages
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Visigoths | The western Goths, that invaded Italy and Spain after the partitioning of the empire. |
| Middle Ages | The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance. |
| Franks | A group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis. |
| Monasteries | Religious community where Christians called monks gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to serving God |
| Benedict | Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540. |
| Gregory I | A pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership. |
| Clovis | The king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy. |
| Battle of Tours | European armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe. |
| Treaty Of Verdun | Treaty that ended power struggle of Charlemagne's 3 sons after his death and split Franks into 3 kingdoms |
| Longship | The name of the Viking boat. |
| Leif Erickson | Believed to have "discovered" America in 1000 AD. |
| North Sea | An arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia. |
| Charles the Bald | Son of Charlemagne |
| tithe | An offering of a tenth part of some personal income |
| fief | A piece of land held under the feudal system. |
| Lord | A person who has general authority over others. |
| Chivalry | Courtesy towards women |
| Trebuchet | Medieval artillery used during sieges/ worked like a giant slingshot. |
| Mangonel | Medieval artillery used during sieges/ flung huge rocks that crashed into castle walls. |
| Canon Law | The body of codified laws governing the affairs of a Christian church. |
| Serfs | Men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection. |
| Vikings | Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia. |
| Lombard League | The alliance of merchants and the pope against Frederick. |
| Tournaments | Mock battles. |
| Squire | An English country landowner. |
| Troubadours | Wandering poets; their love songs focused on cherishing and protecting women. |
| Tortoise | Usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs. |
| Stirrups | Enabled the warrior to ride and handle heavier weapons |
| Salvation | The act of delivering from sin or saving from evil. |
| Sacraments | The sacred rituals of the Church. |
| The Pope | Head of the Catholic Church. |
| Excommunication | The act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church. |
| Interdict | An ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district. |
| Otto the Great | King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor |
| Lay investiture | The appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers, often in exchange for temporal protection. |
| Pope Gregory VII | Reformed a lot and determined to challenge secular authority. He caused a lot of conflict and was admired by many and hated by many. He banned lay investiture, which angered Henry IV. |
| Concordant of Worms | Agreement between the Pope and Henry IV that separated the appointment of church and government officials |
| Cross Bow | Instrumental in the defeat of the knights at the Battle of Legnano. |
| Vassals | Lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord in a military capacity. |
| Muslims | Followers of Islam |
| Magyars | Muslims who attacked Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary. |
| Vikings | Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia |
| Feudalism | The social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C. |
| Knights | Warriors who fought on horseback. |
| Charlemage | The king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor. |
| Erik the Red | A Viking from Norway who founded Greenland's first European settlement. |
| Battle of Stiklesta | This was between Norway and Sweden |
| Siege Tower | Had a platform on top that lowered like a drawbridge. |
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