bio
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 taxonomy | a classification of organisms |
| binomial nomenclature | (linneaus) 2 word naming system; this is the species |
| genus | Group of closely related species, and the first part of the scientific name in binomial nomenclature |
| family | larger group than species |
| order | broader category composed of similar families |
| class | similar orders |
| phylum | several different classes |
| kingdom | large category in classifying organisms; closely related phyla |
| domain | most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than kingdom |
| phylogeny | evolutionary relationships microorganisms |
| bacillus | rod shaped bacteria |
| coccus | sphere shaped bacteria |
| spirillum | spiral shaped bacteria |
| chemoheterotroph | prokaryotes that take in organic molecules for both energy and or carbon |
| photoheterotroph | using sunlight for energy and need to take in organic compounds as carbon source |
| photoautotroph | use light energy to convert co2 and h2o to carbon compounds and co2 |
| chemoautotroph | make organic compounds from co2; don't regulate light |
| obligate anaerobe | organism that doesn't require a constant supply of oxygen |
| obligate aerobe | an organism that needs oxygen in order to live |
| facultative anaerobe | an organism that can live with or without oxygen |
| binary fission | asexual; when prokaryotic cells that double in size, replicate DNA, and divides into 2 daughter cells. |
| conjunction | form of sexual reproduction in which paramecium and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information |
| endospore | a structure bacteria form when the environmental conditions become unfavorable |
| nitrogen fixation | process of converting nitrogen gas to a form plants can use; recycles nitrogen through atmosphere |
| virus | particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in only some cases, lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells; nonliving |
| capsid | outer protein coat of a virus |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| lytic infection | inject nucleic acid into a host cell and the host cell bursts and releases 1000s of viruses |
| lysogenic infection | host cell doesn't burst right away, remains inactive for a short period of time |
| prophage | the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA |
| retrovirus | virus that contains RNA as its genetic information |
| pathogen | disease-causing agent |
| vaccine | a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens |
| antibiotic | compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| viroid | single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids |
| prion | infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA |
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