Science: Chapter 1: Animals
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Created by:
lauraloveslarry on April 30, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sponges | invertebrates; no symmetry; no tissues or organs; get oxygen out of the water as it passes over their cells |
| collar cells | move water and trap food with whip-like tails |
| pores | water moves in through pores and out through holes on top |
| spikes | form rigid frame that supports and protects sponge's body |
| jelly-like cells | digest and distribute food, remove wastes, and form egg or sperm cells |
| filter feeders | filter food out of the sponge as it passes through their bodies |
| cnidarians | invertebrates; radical symmetry; have stinging cells to capture food and defend themselves; take food into central body cavity |
| polyps and medusas | the two body plans of a cnidarians |
| polyps | vase shaped body; mouth opens at top; tentacles spread out from mouth; adapted for a life attached to an underwater surface |
| medusas | bowl-shaped body; mouth opens downward; tentacles trail behind; adapted for a swimming life |
| two-way digestive system | food enters and waste exits through same opening |
| ecosystem | a community of together with their physical environment that interact and are dependent on each other for survival; each organism provides a benefit for the other; the loss of one organism can be potentially devastating to those species that are dependent on the organism that was lost |
| animals | many celled-organisms that feed on other organisms |
| cells | the basic unit of structure and function in all living things |
| tissues | groups of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| organs | groups of several different (kinds of) tissues |
| systems | groups of structures that perform the broadest functions of an animal |
| vertebrate | animal with a backbone |
| invertebrate | animal without a backbone |
| obtain food and oxygen, keep conditions stable, move to meet basic need of survival, reproduce | basic functions of an animal |
| adaptations | characteristics or behaviors that help an organism survive on its environment |
| heterotrophs | all animals are... |
| homeostasis | all animals maintain... |
| water, food/source of energy, homeostasis, shelter | basic need of all living things |
| to pass on their DNA | why do animals reproduce? |
| worms | invertebrates; have long narrow bodies without legs; are bilaterally symmetrical (have head and tail ends); have tissues, organs, and body systems, simplest organism with a brain |
| major worm phyla | roundworms, flatworms, segmented worms |
| roundworms | cylindrical bodies; can live in nearly any moist environment; some are free-living and some are parasites; have a one-way digestive system |
| one-way digestive | food enters through one opening and waste exits through a different opening |
| roundworm-mouth | food comes in; digestive juices released to begin breaking down food |
| roundworm-intestine | food is absorbed |
| roundworm-anus | waste is eliminated |
| advantage to a one-way digestive system | allows the animal's body to absorb large amounts of the needed substances in foods |
| segmented worm | body made up of lined sections called segments; one-way digestive system; some organs are repeated in each segment, some organs are only in certain segments; closed circulatory system |
| earthworm | one kind of a segmented worm |
| flatworm | flat bodies, soft as jelly; many are parasites, some are free-living (do not live on or in another organism) |
| planarians and tapeworms | two types of flatworms |
| planarians | free-living flatworms that live in ponds, streams, and oceans; scavengers |
| scavengers | feed on dead or decaying material |
| tapeworms | parasitic flatworm; absorbs food from the digestive system of the host; gets into the body when an immature accidentally eaten (fleas, feces, or egg packets on food) |
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