chapter ten U.S. history
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Sussex Pledge | a renewal pledge not to sink liners without warning or without assuring the passenger's safety. |
| Robert Lansing | Succeeded William Jennings Bryan at the State Department. Encouraged trade in war materials especially with the Allies. |
| National Defense Act | Increased the numbers of soldiers in the regular army from 90,000 to 175,000 with a goal of 223,000. Set the size of the National Guard at 450,000. |
| Zimmerman Note | Intercepted cable to the German Minister in Mexico. In the event that the U.S. declared war on Germany the minister proposed to Mexico that it enter an alliance with Germany. Mexico could reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, TX and Arizona. |
| Jeannette Rankin | Congresswoman that opposed the war, a committed pacifist, social worker and leader of the women's suffrage movement. She became the first women elected to Congress |
| Selective Service | May 18, 1917 Congress passed a bill requiring men between 21-30 to register with a local draft board. The age range was later changed to 18-45. In the end, 24 million were registered---2.8 million drafted---more than half of the 4.8 million Americans who served were draftees. |
| John J. Pershing | A General that commanded the first U.S. troops as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) |
| Convoy system | Use of armed escort vessels to accompany unarmed vessels transporting troops or supplies. |
| Bolsheviks | A branch of the Russian communist party that seized power in March 1917. Overthrew the Czar. Lenin opposed the war. |
| Treaty of Brest Litovsk | Treaty signed allowing the Central Powers to mass their forces on the western front. |
| Ferdinand Foch | Marshall of unified allied army joined Gen Pershing. Americans helped the French stop the Germans at Chateau Thierry |
| Armistice | A cease fire agreed to by Germany November 11, 1918. |
| Caporetto | Place along the Italian lines where in October 1917 the Central Powers crashed through border between Austria-Hungary and Italy. |
| William McAdoo | Secretary of Treasury under Wilson said that all Americans should participate in bond drive. Raised $23 million. |
| Herbert Hoover | Directed the Food Administration, a prosperous mining engineer who had managed food relief program for Belgium. |
| Food Administration | Organize the railroads, setting limits on transportation rates and workers' wages. |
| War Industries Board | All the federal war board were coordinated by the governments central war agency. |
| Bernard Baruch | All the federal war boards were coordinated by him. Allocated scarce materials, established production priorities and set prices. When steel owners refused to cut prices, government threatened to take over. |
| National War Labor Board | Established to ensure that voice of labor received a hearing. Was composed of labor and business representatives. Arbitrated disputes between workers and employers. |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | Helped plan wartime mobilization, a women's suffrage leader she sat on the women's committee of the Council of National Defense. |
| Harriet Stanton Blatch | Headed the Food Administration Speaker's Bureau |
| Great Migration | Mass movement of African Americans from the south to the north between 1915-1930. |
| Committee on Public Information | Agency headed by George Creel waged a rigorous propaganda campaign to sell the war to Americans |
| Espionage Act | Federal Law designed to outlaw acts of treason and to silence dissenters during WWI. |
| Sedition Act | Federal Law enacted during WWI that made written criticism of the government a crime |
| Victor Berger | Socialist congressman from Wisconsin who got a 20 year sentence for publishing anti-war articles in his newspaper. |
| Fourteen Points | Wilson's program for World Peace presented to the U.S. Congress |
| Self-determination | the right of people to govern themselves |
| Vittorio Orlando | Italy's Prime Minister during World War I |
| David Lloyd George | Britian's Prime Minister during World War I |
| Georges Clemenceau | The French Premier during World War I |
| Big Four | these were Wilson,Clemenceau,George, and Orlando. |
| Reparations | payments made to people who suffered the financial cost of war. |
| Treaty of Versailles | This was the document signed on June 28, 1919 |
| Mandate System | required new colonial rulers to report on their administration to the League of Nations. |
| Irreconcilables | Fourteen Senators that had doubts about the League of Nations. |
| Reservationists | 35 Republicans that said they could support the Treaty of the League of Nations. |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | head of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations who led the reservationists. |
| Balfour Declaration | declared the British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. |
| Saar | an industrial region of Germany rich in coal and iron. |
| nationalism | the sense of pride or loyalty to a nation. |
| Alsace-Lorraine | an area that France wanted to recover from Germany that the Germans had conquered in 1871. |
| Triple Entente | consisted of the countries--Great Britain, France and Russia |
| Triple Alliance | consisted of the countries--Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy |
| no man's land | thin strip of territory along the Western Front that separated opposing armies during WWI. |
| trench warfare | strategy used during WWI in which opposing armies dug in along the front to defend their positions. |
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